Educational Theories: Bruner & Laird

Jerome Seymour

Pioneering American psychologist in cognitive psychology, education, and cultural psychology

Spiral Curriculum

Educational approach revisiting key concepts are revisited at intervals throughout a student's education, with each encounter increasing in complexity and building upon prior knowledge

This repetitive reinforcement ensures deeper understanding and retention of the subject matter over time.

Enactive Mode

Cognitive representation where the stored information is mostly a consequence of his/her PHYSICAL ACTION such as grabbing an object, shaking it, and perhaps tasting it.

Iconic Mode

Cognitive representation storing information as sensory images

Some children develop a very good photographic memory

Symbolic Mode

Cognitive representation storing information as symbols, including language

Scaffolding Theory

Temporary support that teachers, parents, or more knowledgeable peers provide to help learners accomplish a task they cannot complete independently.

Discovery Learning Theory

A method in which learners are encouraged to discover facts and relationships for themselves rather than being directly told the information.

He believed that it promotes deeper understanding and retention, as learners are more engaged and active in the learning process

Dugan Laird

Training consultant and educational theorist known for Sensory Theory

Sensory Theory

Theory emphasizing multi-sensory experiences for effective learning and memory retention

Memory Formation

Memory association with sensory experiences enhances retention and learning effectiveness

Practical Applications

Utilizing sensory theory in marketing and education for effective communication and outcomes

Visual Learning

Learning through images, charts, and diagrams for better understanding

Auditory Learning

Learning through sound, music, or verbal instructions for impact

Tactile Learning

Hands-on activities like building models for enhanced learning

Smell and Taste Learning

Both smell and taste are closely linked as they significantly enhance learning and memory through multi-sensory engagement. Smell and taste are interrelated senses that, when combined, can create powerful associations and stronger cognitive connections.

Engaging Multiple Senses

Utilizing multiple senses for deeper learning and cognitive associations

Sensory Inputs

the theory emphasizes that sensory experiences - sight, sound, touch, taste and smell - are fundamental to how individuals perceive and interpret their environment

Perception Formation

sensory inputs are crucial for forming perceptions. The way people perceive and understand their surroundings is heavily influenced by the quality and nature of the sensory data they receive.

Learning Enhancement

Engaging multiple senses in the learning process can improve comprehension and retention. Multi-sensory experiences create stronger cognitive associations and enhance memory

Behavioral Influence

Actions and decisions are guided by sensory information. How individuals respond to their environment is often a direct result of the sensory inputs they experience.

Visual + Auditory

Using videos and interactive software

Tactile + Auditory

using manipulatives like blocks or physical models for math and science.

Laird's Sensory Theory

provides valuable insights into how humans interact with their environment through sensory experiences.