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What is heredity?
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
What is genetics?
The study of heredity.
Who was Gregor Mendel?
The first to deduce the basic principles of inheritance.
What is a phenotype?
The individual's observable traits.
What is a genotype?
The alleles that the individual carries on its chromosomes.
What do homozygous alleles have in common?
Both alleles carry the same information.
What type of alleles are carried in heterozygous pairs?
Different information for the same trait.
In pea plants, which flower color is dominant?
Purple (P) is the dominant trait.
What is a Punnett square used for?
To predict the offspring from a genetic cross.
What is incomplete dominance?
Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals resulting in an intermediate phenotype.
What is codominance?
Both alleles are expressed separately in heterozygous individuals.
What are polygenic traits?
Traits that are influenced by multiple genes.
What is an example of a sex-linked recessive disease?
Hemophilia.
How can environmental factors affect gene expression?
They can alter the phenotype without changing the genotype.
What is transgenerational epigenetics?
Environmental factors affecting the sperm/eggs of parents can be passed on to future generations.
What determines the phenotype in the case of two different alleles?
The dominant allele determines appearance.
What is a carrier in genetics?
A heterozygous individual who does not express a recessive genetic disorder but can pass it on.
What is polygenic inheritance?
The effect of many genes on a single character resulting in a continuous range of traits.
What happens if a male inherits a disease allele linked to the X chromosome?
He will express the disease phenotype since males have only one X chromosome.
What is an example of a trait controlled by incomplete dominance in plants?
Flower color in snapdragons.
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