Intro to Mass Media Final

Federal Communications Commission

A government agency charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable

Bureau of Corporations

founded by President Theodore Roosevelt to investigate the practices of increasingly large American business. Predecessor to the Federal Trade Commission

Federal Trade Commission

A government agency charged with overseeing interstate business and trade practices in the United States

Federal Radio Commission

A former government agency comprised five employees who were authorized to grant and deny broadcasting licenses and assign frequency ranges and power levels to each radio station that was absorbed into the Federal Communications Commission after the Communications Act of 1934.

Media Bureau

A division of the Federal Communications Commission that oversees licensing and regulation of broadcast services

Standard Oil

The first company to form a trust (formed to monopolize an industry) which prompted the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890

Sherman Antitrust Act

A bill put in place to dissolve trusts made with the intent to create a monopoly

Clayton Act

Helped establish the foundations for business and media regulatory practices in 1914 which prohibits actions that may substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce

Privacy Act

A bill passed in 1974 protects records that can be retrieved by personal identifiers such as a name, social security number, or other identifying number or symbol

Libel Law

A legal protection against defamation covering individuals, groups, and corporations in written statements or printed visual depictions

Slander Law

A legal protection against defamation covering individuals, groups, and corporations in verbal statements and gestures

Freedom of Information Act

Signed by President Lyndon B Johnson in 1966 requiring full or partial disclosure of U.S. government information and documents not including current president, congress, or judicial branch

Section 315 of the Communications Act

A rule which required radio and television stations to give equal opportunity for airtime to all candidates. Also known as the Equal Time Rule

Fairness Doctrine

Enacted in 1949 to ensure that all coverage of controversial issues by a broadcast station be balanced and fair.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

A bill passed in 1998 that made digital piracy illegal while exempting Internet service providers from liability.

Privacy Policy

A statement or legal document (in privacy law) that discloses some or all of the ways a party gathers, uses, discloses, and manages a customer or client's data.

The Great Train Robbery

A silent film from 1903 known for being one of the earliest examples of film’s fascination with violence

The Hays Code

Named after William Hays, was Hollywood self censorship to avoid government censorship. Officially known as the Motion Picture Production Code of 1930

Film Rating System

A system meant to inform audiences the appropriate ages allowed to view certain content. (ie. G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17)

Mark Zuckerberg

The founder and CEO of Facebook

Electronic Frontier Foundation

Non-profit digital rights group founded in 1990 to promote internet civil liberties

WIPO Copyright Treaty

Created by the the World Intellectual Property Organization to protect authors of literary and artistic works, including computer programs, original databases, and fine art online

Terms of Service

Legally binding rules that an individual must adhere to in order to use a particular piece of software or service

Case of Megan Meier

A court case regarding TOS violation in which 49 year old Lori Drew convinced 13 year old Megan Meier to kill herself. This led to court case in which Lori Drew was found guilty in California for violating MySpace TOS opening up many implications about TOS and the law

Digital Democracy

The use of the Internet and other online tools to engage citizens in government and civic action.

KDKA

Became the first station to broadcast election results from the Harding-Cox presidential race from East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

General Stanley McChrystal

Former commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan fired for unflattering comments about Joe Biden

Donna Reed

The main character of the Donna Reed show who played a perfect housewife

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

TMZ

Celebrity Gossip Website

Committee of Concerned Journalists

An organization with a central purpose with all journalist “to provide citizens with accurate and reliable information they need to function in a free society.”

The Society of Professional Journalists

A journalism organization, dedicated to encouraging the free practice of journalism and stimulating high standards of ethical behavior.

Watergate Scandal

A scandal where government agencies and officials were linkd to the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex as part of an attempt to sabotage the Democratic campaign and guarantee Nixon’s reelection

Blogging

Short for weblog, a blog features news and commentary from one or many authors.

Mark Sanford

A former South Carolina Governor who was discovered by CBS that he used public funds for a private use to visit his Mistress in Argentina

Objectivity

Impartiality in writing.

Seth Ackerman

A media analyst and author of “The Most Biased Name in the News” analyzing Fox New’s media bias

2008 newsroom census

a statement released by the American Society of Newspaper Editors that stated the percentage of minority journalists working at daily newspapers was 13.52%

National Council of La Raza

An advocacy group for Hispanic Americans

News aggregators

Services like Google News that aggregate stories from major professional news sources and present them in a streamlined format.

The New York Times

An American daily newspaper based in New York City

Plagiarism

Using someone else’s information, writing, or speech without properly documenting or citing the source.

Copyright law

Law that regulates the exclusive rights given to the creator of a work.

Cookies

Text files that web page servers embed in users’ hard drives to help search engines keep track of their customers’ search histories, buying habits, and browsing patterns.

USA PATRIOT Act

Statute passed in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that allowed federal officials greater authority in tracking and intercepting communications.

International Federation of Journalists

The largest global union federation of journalists' trade unions in the world. Representing more than 600,000 media workers from 187 organizations in 146 countries

Center for Excellence in Journalism

A research project done by Pew Research Center that studies news media and how it improved over the course of a year

Digital Dossiers

Detailed digital records of a particular subject or market

Socialization agents

A way people learn about the norms, expectations, and values of their society.

Factual Errors

Errors in facts reported

Fred Friendly

former President of CBS and co-creator of See It Now

Edward R. Murrow

Former CBS journalist and co-creator of See It Now, known for taking on Joe McCarthy

Lee Harvey Oswald

John F. Kennedy’s Assasin

Newsreels

Short films dealing with current events, shown in movie theaters prior to the advent of television

Press-radio war

A war between traditional print and radio to maintain their position as the dominant way to receive news

Stringers

Independent employed journalists

Pseudo Events

Happenings that would not have occurred if media were not there to record them

Credibility Gap

The difference between what a government says and what the public believes to be true.

24-hour-a-day all-news cable network

News networks like CNN or Fox News that broadcast news all day regardless of time

Fox News

A conservative news network founded by Rupert R Murdoch and Roger Ailes to give a conservative takes on news

Nexis

a full-text newspaper database

Citizen Journalism

the act of everyday citizens without professional training or experience—playing an active role in collecting, reporting, and analyzing the news.

New values

Characteristics that define news, including timeliness, importance, and interest.

Pegs

An angle, or perspective, that makes information interesting to the audience.

Correspondents

On-camera field reporters

Media Surveys

Surveys about media

Impending War

A war that is going to happen soon

Embedded Journalists

Nonmilitary reporters attached to a military unit.

Biltmore Agreements

An agreement made with newspapers and radio stations that stated radio stations could only air two 5 minute newcasts a day only between the hours of 9:30 to 9:00 PM