AP Gov - U3 - Federalism

utinary system

all power is given to national government

federalism

divides power among layers of government, creates conflict between those who have the power to legislate on public policy

enumerated & expressed powers

powers granted to the national gov in the constitution, especially congress

exclusive powers

only national gov may exercise

implied powers

not specifically granted to federal gov, under the necessary & proper clause, Congress can make always to carry out its enumerant. *Besides describing the enumerated and implied powers, the Constitution denies certain powers to the national gov.

commerce clause

grants Congress the power to “regulate Commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian Tribes”

necessary and proper clause

elastic clause, grants congress the authority to legislate as necessary for carrying its constitutionally granted powers

supremacy clause

the states must abide by the laws passed by Congress, even if state constitutional provisions conflict them

reserved powers

not given to national gov, and are therefore retained by states and the people

concurrent powers

granted in the constitution, allow national and state authority to overlap in the areas of public policy

full faith and credit clause

requires states to recognize the public act records, civil court proceedings from another state

extradition

requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to where a crime was allegedly committed

privileges & immunities clause

prevents states from discriminating against ppl from out of state

thirteenth amendment

outlaws slavery

fourteenth amendment

ppl in US r citizens, states cannot deny ppl due process or equal protection under the law

fifteenth

cannot deny the right to vote based on race, gave African American males the right to vote

dual fedism

layered cake, states & natl gov operate independently, in their own areas of public policy, little overlap

selective incorporation

process through which supreme court applies fundamnetal rights in the bill of rights on a case-by-case basis

cooperative fedism

both levels work together, in the same areas of public policy, national gov provides funds and set standards states implement.

grants-in-aid

tool used by fed gov to achieve policy objectives within states

categorical grants

limited in how states can spend funding

fiscal federalism

fed gov uses grants to make states do what fed gov wants, influence policies on the states

unfunded mandates

natl gov’s requiring states to pay for programs without providing funds

devolution

returning more authority to state or local govs

block grants

grants in aid, gives state more control over how to disperse federal funds

revenue sharing

fed gov apportions tax money to the states with no strings attach, ended bc too costly