Chem. Gas laws

Boyle's Law

States that for a given amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely related (P1V1 = P2V2).

Gay-Lussac's Law

Describes the direct relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume (P1/T1 = P2/T2).

Combined Gas Law

Combines Boyle's Law and Gay-Lussac's Law; relates pressure, volume, and temperature (P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2).

Ideal Gas Law

Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas (PV = nRT).

P in gas laws

Pressure measured in atmospheres (atm) or kilopascals (kPa).

V in gas laws

Volume of gas measured in liters (L).

n in gas laws

Number of moles of gas measured in moles (mol).

R in gas laws

Ideal gas constant, approximately 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).

T in gas laws

Temperature measured in Kelvin (K).

Effect of increased pressure on volume

If pressure goes up, volume goes down.

Effect of increased pressure on temperature

If pressure goes up, temperature goes up.

Effect of decreased volume on temperature

If volume goes down, temperature goes down.

Effect of increased volume on pressure

If volume goes up, pressure goes down.

Effect of increased temperature on volume

If temperature goes up, volume goes up.

Relationship between pressure and temperature at constant volume

Directly proportional (linear).

Effect of decreased pressure at constant temperature

Volume will increase.

Factors affecting gas pressure

The pressure of a gas depends on its temperature.

Constant variable in combined gas law

The amount of gas remains constant.

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

Standard temperature is 273K and standard pressure is 1atm.