TOPIC 11- Plant Nutrition

water co2

_____ and ____ goes in during photosynthesis

oxygen sugar

____ and ____ goes out during photosynthesis

oxygen sugar

____ and ___ goes in during cellular respiration

water co2

____ and ___ goes out during cellular respiration

g3p

sugar product of photosynthesis

symplast route

solutes move through the cytoplasm (plasmodesmata channels) that connect plant cells

• doesn’t cross any membranes

apoplast route

solutes go through the cell wall

transmembrane route

solutes are pumped out of the membrane and the into neighbouring cells

• cross cell membranes

root hair

during the apoplast route water enter from the __ __

caspian strip

water absorption in the root when following the apoplast route is controlled at the ___ ___

• it stops the water from moving in the apoplast route, and directs it into the symplast route once it encounters the endodermis

endodermis

barrier important in regulation plant water absorption

root hair membrane

control for root water absorption following the symplast route is controlled at the ___ ___ ___

short distance

____ ____ transport occurs at the cellular level

transmembrane

primary active transport, secondary active transport, and facilitated diffusion are 3 types of ____ transport

primary active transport

a type of transmembrane transport that uses a proton pump fueled by ATP

• moves protons against their concentration gradient

secondary active transport

type of transmembrane transport that involves moving protons down their concentration gradient while simultaneously moving another solute up their respective gradient

• this is called cotransport

facilitated diffusion

solute moving down its concentration gradient with the help of protein ion channels

• passive transport

high low

water always moves from areas of ___ pressure to ___ pressure

zero

pure water has a water potential of

pressure potential

the sum of all forces acting on water, like gravity

turgid cells

____ have a higher solute concentration than their surroundings, which causes the cells to plump up because water is moving into the cell

guttation

the physical pumping of water out of the leaves of small, vascular plants

• is a result a buildup of water and minerals in the roots

• to balance this out the plant releases excess water through their leaves

• only happens at night, during the day the stomata performs a similar purpose

transpiration

long distance transport

xylem sap

water solution that contains water, minerals and hormones

• flows from root to shoot; ground up

phloem sap

water solution that contains photosynthates and hormones

• flows in both directions depending on time of year

cohesion-tension mechanism

plants move xylem sap through ____-____ ____

• combination of cohesion and adhesion

cohesion

during the cohesion-tension mechanism, the ___ part is due to water molecules’ attraction to themselves

• water molecules are attracted to each other because they are polar molecules

adhesion

during the cohesion-tension mechanism, the ____ is due to water sticking to the walls of the xylem

• this is how water can move against the forces of gravity from root to shoot

• more effective with narrower tubes, like in capillaries

stomata

regulated transpiration

small openings in the leaf epithelium that regulate transpiration and gas exchange; allows plant to breathe

close

potassium loss causes the stomata to __

bulk flow

phloem transport method that moves phloem sap from source cell to sink cell

source cell

leaf cell in the summer, and root cells in the spring

• site of sugar production and the break down of starch in the spring

• source of CO₂

sink cell

seeds, fruits, flowers, roots, and storage organs

• stores and uses CO₂

minerals

secondary tissues can’t absorb ____

trichome

bulk of water is absorbed at the ____ zone

negatively

soil is ___ charged which makes it easier for cationic minerals to be absorbed by roots

acidic

plants make the soil more ___ so they can absorb anions easier

• they do this by diffusing CO2 out of the root which interacts with water to make bicarbonate and protons

epiphytes

parasite

carnivore