Kaplan ASVAB 2024-2025

Flashcards from Kaplan ASVAB Prep Plus 2024-2025

The diaphragm is a system of muscles that allows __________.

breathing

A convex mirror ___________ light waves; a convex lenses _______ light waves.

diverges; converges

The state of matter occurring at lower temperatures is the __________ state.

solid

What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?

A physical change may alter the form, size, and/ or shape of matter; a chemical change alters its molecules.

Put these in order to describe how blood flows from the heart to the body; body, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium.

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

An acid gives up _____________ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

positivity

When genetic signals in a cell fail to tell it to stop reproducing, the result may be ____________.

cancer

This is the element for chlorine within the periodic table of elements. What do the numbers 17 and 35.5 indicate?

The atomic number is 17: there are 17 protons in a chlorine atom’s nucleus and 17 electrons in the electron cloud. The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5.

A type of matter is classified as an element when ____________.

it cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods.

THe speed of light in a vacuum is approximately __________ meters per second.

300 million

What is inertia?

the tendency of all matter to resist changes in motion.

What is a vector quantity?

a quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction.

What formula is used to calculate velocity?

v= velocity (a vector quantity), d= displacement (a vector quantity) and t=time

Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium?

bone growth, muscle function

The moon affects which activity on Earth?

tides

The asteroid belt closest to the Earth lies between which two planets?

Mars and Jupiter

Define biosphere.

The biosphere consists of the layers of Earth (crust, surface, atmosphere) where life naturally occurs.

Why are the four planets closest to the Sun called the terrestrial planes?

The composition of these planets is similar to that of Earth.

A stationary front produces ____________ weather.

cloudy and wet

Earth is approximately ___________ years old.

4.6 billion

What are the five kingdoms of living things?

Monera (sometimes split into Bacteria and Archaea), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Define biome.

A biome is a major life zone of interrelated species bound together by a similar climate and similar plant and animal life.

Diploid cells have __________ times the number of chromosomes as do haploid cells.

two

What is a zygote?

a fertilized egg

Ova are carried from the ovaries to the uterus through the ____________.

fallopian tubes

Put these classifications in order from broadest to narrowest: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, species. order, phylum.

The genetic material of an eukaryotic cell is contained in its ___________.

nucleus

How does vaccination (immunization) prevent disease?

It causes the immune system to react to a deactivated, weakened, or partial pathogen so that the immune system will react to the future exposure to a similar pathogen.

1 kilometer is how many times larger than 1 millimeter?

1,000,000 (1 million) times larger

1 mm x 1,000= 1 meter;

1 meter x 1,000= 1 km

The ____________ is the major connecting center between the brain and the nerve network.

spinal cord

What is another name for the large intestine?

colon

What does a positive or negative sign in a blood type indicate?

Rh factor

The respiratory system enables blood cells to absorb ________ and eliminate _________ and water vapor.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

What is unique feature of vitamin D?

One of the best sources come not from diet but from the Sun. The skin generates vitamin D in response to ultraviolet rays.

Which particle of an atom carries a positive charge? A negative charge? No charge?

proton; electron; neutron

A magnetic compass’s ___________ pole points to the Earth’s north pole.

south

The aorta is the largest _________ in the body.

artery

Bananas are a source of which important mineral?

potassium

In chemical reactions, the molecules and atoms entering the reaction are called ___________, and those resulting from the reaction are called _________.

reactants; products

The _____________ nervous system controls voluntary actions, and the ____________ nervous system involuntary activity.

somatic; automatic

Earth’s core is nearly twice as dense as its mantle because the core is ____________.

metallic

What role do proteins play in nutrition?

Proteins enable the body’s growth and repair of tissues.

Carnivores are also known as ___________ consumers.

secondary

A solar eclipse occurs when the _________ passes between the ________ and the Sun.

Moon; Earth

Sound waves travel __________ through metal than through water, and ___________ through water than through air.

faster; faster

Define molecule.

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms.

What is the common name for the larynx?

voice box

What is the lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere?

troposphere

Name the three major types of clouds.

stratus, cirrus, cumulus

What is the name produced from diploid cells?

meiosis

Water vapor that has entered the atmosphere ____________ to form clouds.

condenses

Define evaporation.

Evaporation is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.

If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the ____________.

Rh factor

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega

base times 1,000,000; M

The theory of _________ explains how chunks of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle slowly move.

plate tectonics

Where in the body is the radius bone located?

forearm

In the water cycle, water soaks into the Earth in a process known as ___________.

infiltration

When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is __________.

precipitation

Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are ___________.

noble gas

What is the common name for the coccyx?

tailbone

The pitch of the sound produced by an ambulance’s siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the ___________.

Doppler effect

Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into soil, are also known as ___________.

saprotrophs

In cellular respiration, cell organelles called ___________ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

mitochondria

Where in the body is the femur located?

thigh

What is the name for nerve cells?

neurons

What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?

the enzymes pancreatic amylase, lipase and trypsin and the hormone insulin (as well as other less well know hormones)

______________ rock is formed when magma cools.

Igneous

Where in the body is the humerus bone located?

upper arm

In females, the sex chromosomes are ________ and are designated by the letters __________. In males, the sex chromosomes are _______ and are designated by the letters __________.

(females) homozygous; XX

(males) heterozygous; XY

Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as ___________.

autotrophs

Define sublimation (as it is used in chemistry).

Sublimation is the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase.

The process by which cells divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called _____________.

mitosis

Gametes are called ___________ because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.

haploid (think HAploid= HAlf)

Each row of the periodic table is called a(n) ____________.

Period

______________ are animals that eat other organisms.

Consumers

What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?

There are may possible answers. Ex. Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc.

Define genotype.

A person’s genotype is the entire genetic makeup of that person, including recessive genes.

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo

base times 1,000; k

When an acid is combined with a base they produce ____________.

water and salt

______________ rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes.

Metamorphic

The ___________ scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero.

Kelvin

Is strep throat caused by a bacterium or a virus?

a bacterium (specifically Streptococcus pyogenes; hence the name “strep'“)

What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?

An exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body.

A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if ____________.

Both alleles that the organism has for that trait are recessive.

_____________ rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, harden over time.

Sedimentary

The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a(n) ___________ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a(n) _________ temperature than the solid state.

higher; higher

Small objects that enter the Earth’s surface burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called ____________. If one makes it to the Earth’s surface, it is called a(n) ___________.

meteors; meteorite

Can light travel through a vacuum?

yes

When light reflects off a surface, the angle of __________ is equal to the angle of __________.

incidence; reflection (or reflection incidence)

Where in the body is the fibula located?

lower leg

Viruses can replicate only ___________.

inside a host’s cells (that is, viruses cannot replicate outside a host)

Define ovulation.

Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary through the fallopian tube and into the uterus.

Rows of the periodic table refer to _________. Columns of the periodic table refer to _________.

the number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms

Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category.

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, species (Remember: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup.)

When the Earth is the closest to the Sun, it is ________ in the northern hemisphere and _________ in the southern hemisphere.

winter; summer

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro

base times 0.000001; μ (the greek letter mu)

What is an element’s atomic number?

the number of protons i one of the element’s atoms

When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the season is ______ in the northern hemisphere and _________ in the southern hemisphere.

summer; winter

What is the common name for hypertension?

high blood pressure

The ozone layer is part of the ___________.

stratosphere