CH6 Medical Ophthalmology and Otology: Key Terms and Definitions

AOM

Acute Otitis Media

AS

aural sinistra (Left ear)

AU

Both ears

EENT

Eyes, ears, nose, throat

ENT

Ear, Nose, and Throat

HEENT

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat

IOL

Intraocular Lens

IOP

Intraocular Pressure

OD

Right eye

OM

Otitis Media

OS

Left eye

TM

Tympanic Membrane

VA

Visual Acuity

VF

Visual Field

Akinetopsia

Inability to perceive motion.

Amblyopia

Reduced vision in one eye.

Asthenopia

Eye strain.

Hemianopsia

Loss of half the visual field.

Scotopia

Vision in low light.

Blepharoplegia

Paralysis of the eyelid.

Dacryoadenalgia

Pain in the tear gland.

Dacryocystalgia

Pain in the tear sac.

Ophthalmoplegia

Paralysis of the eye muscles.

Astigmatism

Irregular curvature of the cornea.

Corneal xerosis

Dryness of the cornea.

Keratalgia

Pain in the cornea.

Miosis

Constricted pupils.

Mydriasis

Dilated pupils.

Iridalgia

Pain in the iris.

Cycloplegia

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle.

Scotoma

An area of reduced vision.

Osteocusis

Hearing through bone conduction.

Mastoidalgia

Pain in the mastoid.

Otorrhea

Discharge from the ear.

Optomyometer

Instrument for measuring eye movements.

Phacoscope

Instrument for examining the lens.

Retinoscopy

Examination of the retina.

Nasolacrimal

Relating to the tear duct.

Ophthalmic, optic

Pertaining to the eye.

Optokinetic

Relating to eye movement.

Retinal

Pertaining to the retina.

Binocular

Involving both eyes.

Iridokinesis

Movement of the iris.

Presbyopia

Decreased vision due to old age

Blepharospasm

Involuntary eyelid twitch.

Dacryorrhea

Excessive tearing/watery eyes.

Xerophthalmia

Dry eyes.

Dacryohemorrhea

Blood in the tears.

Ophthalmalgia

Pain in the eye.

Hyperacusis

Excessively sensitive hearing.

Hypoacusis

Reduced hearing sensitivity.

Unilateral

Affecting one side/ear.

Bilateral

Affecting both sides/ears.

Presbyacusis

Age-related hearing loss.

Tinnitus

Perception of ringing/buzzing in the ears.

Vertigo

Sensation of spinning or moving when stationary; balance disorder symptom.

Ophthalmologist

MD, treats eye medically and surgically.

Optometrist

Eye doctor who examines, diagnoses, and treats vision problems.

Ophthalmoscope

Tool to view the eye.

Retinoscope

Tool to view the retina.

Tonometer

Tool to measure intraocular pressure (glaucoma screening).

Lacrimation

Excessive tearing.

Blepharoptosis

Drooping eyelid.

Exophthalmus

Protrusion/bulging of eyes.

Nystagmus

Involuntary eye movement.

Strabismus

Eyes misaligned (crossed eyes).

Otolaryngologist (ENT)

Specialist in ear, nose, throat conditions.

Audiologist

Hearing specialist; conducts hearing tests.

Otoscope

Tool to examine ear canal/eardrum.

Pneumatic otoscope

Tool to check eardrum pressure/movement.

Audiometer

Device for hearing tests.

Audiogram

Record of hearing test results.

Ceruminosis

Excessive earwax formation.

Otopyorrhea

Flow of pus from ear.

Tympanic perforation

Rupture of eardrum.

Assessment term

Practitioner's diagnosis/differential diagnosis.

Oculopathy / Ophthalmopathy

General term for eye disease.

Trichiasis

Inward growth of eyelashes, scratching cornea/sclera.

Corneal abrasion

Scratch on the cornea; very painful.

Cataract

Cloudiness/opacity of the lens, causing blurry vision.

Glaucoma

Optic nerve damage (usually from high intraocular pressure).

Retinopathy

Disease of the retina; damage to retinal blood vessels.

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinal damage due to uncontrolled diabetes.

Otomycosis

Fungal infection of the ear canal.

Otitis media

Inflammation of the middle ear (ear infection).

Acoustic neuroma

Benign tumor on vestibulocochlear nerve; causes hearing/balance issues.

Conductive hearing loss

Hearing loss due to sound blockage before reaching inner ear.

Sensorineural hearing loss

Hearing loss due to nerve/inner ear signal transmission issues.

Mydriatic

Drug causing abnormal dilation of the pupil.

Intravitreal antibiotics

Medication injected directly into the eye to treat retinal conditions.

Auditory prosthesis

Hearing aid.

Ceruminolysis

Process of breaking down earwax.

Cerumenolytic

Medication used to dissolve earwax.

Ototoxic drugs

Medications that damage the ear, causing hearing loss.

Phacoemulsification

Breaking up a lens for cataract removal.

Intraocular lens implant

Placement of an artificial lens in the eye.

Enucleation / Ophthalmectomy

Surgical removal of an eye.

Retinopexy

Surgical repair of a detached retina.

LASIK

Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, corrective laser eye surgery.

Blepharoplasty

Surgical reconstruction of the eyelid ("eye lift").