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key terms
Quran
word of God and most important book in Islam
Sunnah
record of all that Muhammad did
Hadith
record of all that Muhammad said
Shariah
the law that sets out the moral and religious rules that Muslims must follow
Tawrat
Torah
Musa
Moses
Zabur
Psalms
Dawud
David
Injils
Gospels
Isa
Jesus
Sahifah
scrolls of Abraham
Ibrahim
Abraham
Rasal
prophet
risalah
prophethood
hanif
one who has inner knowledge that there really is one true God; those in pre-Islamic Arabia
khalifah
God’s representative on Earth; leader
Maryam
Mary, Jesus’ mother
Khadijah
Muhammad’s wife
Mount Hira
where Muhammad goes to pray alone
Ka’ba
building central to Islam, built by Adam
Laylat-ul-Qadr
Night of Power, first Quranic revelation given to Muhammad by Jibril
Yathrib
old name for Madinah, place that accepts Muhammad
Hijrah
Muhammad’s journey from Makkah to Madinah
Ali
cousin and son in law of Muhammad; Shia’s believe him to be the rightful successor after Muhammad
Abu-Bakr
Muhammad’s best friend, who Sunni’s believe should take over from Muhammad as leader
Umar
leader after Abu-Bakr in Sunni
Uthman
leader after Umar in Sunni
Madhi
the guided one (messiah) who will reappear on the DoJ; one of the imamate in Shia
imam
sunni- leader of the mosque, shia- successors to Muhammad as leaders of Islam
shahadah
call to prayer and one of five pillars
Al-Qadr
predestination
Israfil
Raphael
Kutub
holy books
Nuh
Noah
Usul ad-Din
the five roots in Shia Islam
Adl/Adalah
justice of God in Shia
Nubuwwah
prophethood in Shia
imamate
Shia leadership of Islam; group of 12 imams
qayamat
resurrection on day of Judgement in Shia
Janna
heaven
Jahannam
hell
al-Fatihah
the first surah (chapter) of the Quran
tawhid
belief in the oneness of God
transcendent
God is beyond all things, not limited by the rules of nature
immanent
God is always close by
beneficent
God is always kind
shirk
similar to idolatry; not loving God with all your heart and mind; hidden, minor and major
niyyah
intention behind action
insha’Allah
God has a plan for everyones life and to be discontent is therefore to go against Allah
taqwa
the awareness of God and the desire for a personal connection with Him
fitrah
an instinctive, built in need for Allah
malaikah
angels
nur
light, what angels are made of
mikael
Mikail, guardian of heaven
Jibril
Gabriel, archangel of revelation, most important to Allah
Azrail
archangel of death
Munkar and Nakir
two angels who will question each person after their death, testing their faith
Ahl al-Bayt
Muhammad’s household
Fatima
Muhammad’s daughter, who married Ali, mother to Hasan and Husayn
Raqid and Atid
‘noble recorders’; sit one on each shoulder, noting down our good and bad deeds to be read from the book on the last day
Akhirah
afterlife
Barzakh
barrier, the stage of waiting of dead souls before Judgement Day
Dajjal
the false messiah
As-Sirat
the final test to get to heaven; the narrow bridge that people have to walk over to reach heaven, or not and fall to hell
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