Electron configurations

What is the relationship between frequency, energy and wavelength?

What is the relationship between frequency, energy and wavelength?

high energy = high frequency = short wavelengths

In the visible region, what color has the lowest and highest energy?

lowest - red

highest - purple

What does the continuous spectrum show?

all wavelengths of visible light

What does the continuous spectrum show?

discrete wavelengths of visible light

Why do lines in an EM converge?

energy levels are closer together at higher energy

How are emission spectras produced?

photons are emitted as excited electrons return to a lower energy level

What energy level do electrons fall to to produce UV light?

n=1

What energy level do electrons fall to to produce visible light?

n=2

What energy level do electrons fall to to produce IR light?

n=3

What are atomic orbitals?

regions of space where there is a high probability of an electron?

What rules apply when writing out an electron configuration?

1. lower energy levels must be filled first

2. atomic orbitals can only hold 2 electrons max and they must have opposite spins

3. each orbital of the same sublevel must be filled with a single electron first then 2.

Form which sublevel are electrons removed from when forming ions?

4s

What are the two exceptions to the Aufbau principle?

Copper and chromium

How do the electron configurations of copper and chromium differ to others?

an electron from 4s² is removed to fill the 3d sublevel first.

Why are the 3d sublevels filled first in chromium and copper?

half or fully filled sublevels are more stable than any other amount

What factors is ionisation energy dependent on?

1. nuclear charge - number of protons

2. atomic radius

3. electron repulsions

What is ionisation energy?

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom

Why is there a large increase in ionisation energy between the first and second electron?

The first electron was removed from an energy level further away from the nucleus (n=4) and the second electron was removed from a different energy level n=3 which is closer to the nucleus.