Demography (Target Questions) Idk tak pasti

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Last updated 2:04 PM on 6/16/26
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6 Terms

1
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What is urbanization?

Urbanisation is defined as population shift from rural to urban areas and the ways in which society adapt to that change

2
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What causes urbanization / What are the factors of urbanization?

  • Push Factors : Lack of resources in rural areas

  • Pull Factors : i) Social factors (better standard of living and social status) ii) Employment opportunities (in rural areas, people depend mainly on farming for their livelihood) iii) Modernization (Better infrastructure & advanced technology)

3
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What are the positive impacts of urbanization?

  • It stimulates innovation and growth in one place and also stimulate and the development in business, science, technology and industry

  • access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is readily available to people in cities than in villages

  • cities also have advances communication and transport networks

4
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What are the negative impacts of urbanization? / challenges impact on health status

  • when urbanization occurs so rapidly, local governments are unable to provide necessary public services to those who moves to the cities

  • environmental health : substandard housing overcrowding lead to spread of infectious disease such as Tuberculosis and influenze

  • air pollution : caused by industries or by excessive movement of vehicles

  • inadequate sewage and garbage disposal : lead to vector borne diseases for example dengue, scabies

  • contaminated water : lack of proper water supply lead to water borne disease such as diarrhoea

  • mental health : stress associated with poverty and unemployment

5
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What are five stages in Demographic Transition Model (DTM) ?

  • Stage 1 : high birth & death rates in low population growth overall

  • Stage 2 : high birth rate & decreasing death rate, population growth surges

  • Stage 3 : Birth rate falls & death rate remains low, population continue to increase

  • Stage 4 : traditionally considered as final stage, demographic stabilisation as both birth rate and death rate are low, overall population stays low

  • Stage 5 : may predict higher or lower fertility levels depending on the theorist

<ul><li><p>Stage 1 : high birth &amp; death rates in low population growth overall</p></li><li><p>Stage 2 : high birth rate &amp; decreasing death rate, population growth surges</p></li><li><p>Stage 3 : Birth rate falls &amp; death rate remains low, population continue to increase</p></li><li><p>Stage 4 : traditionally considered as final stage, demographic stabilisation as both birth rate and death rate are low, overall population stays low</p></li><li><p>Stage 5 : may predict higher or lower fertility levels depending on the theorist </p></li></ul>
6
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