Upper limb individual joints

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal and external rotation

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal and external rotation

Glenohumeral joint functions

synovial, multi-axial ball and socket joint

Glenohumeral joint type

Elevation + depression, protraction + retraction, lateral/upward rotation + medial/downward rotation

Scapular movements

Anterior, medial joint permitting fluid movement of the shoulder girdle

Sternoclavicular joint function

Synovial, multi-axial plane joint

Sternoclavicular joint type

Anterior lateral joint allowing additional ROM for the scapula’s thoracic rotation

Acromioclavicular joint purpose

Synovial, multi-axial plane joint

Acromioclavicular joint type

Elbow flexion and extension

Elbow joint functions

synovial, uniaxial hinge joint

Elbow joint type

Pronation and supination

Superior radioulnar joint functions

synovial uniaxial pivot joint

Superior radioulnar joint type

pronation and supination

Inferior radioulnar joint function

synovial, uniaxial pivot joint

inferior radioulnar joint type

syndesmosis joint connecting medially along the radius and ulnar

intermediate radioulnar joint

radial deviation (abduction on frontal plane) + ulnar deviation (adduction on frontal plane

Radiocarpal joint function

synovial, biaxial ellipsoid joint

Radiocarpal joint type

flexion + extension, adduction + abduction, opposition/axial rotation

carpometacarpal joint (thumb) function

synovial, biaxial saddle joint

carpometacarpal joint type

flexion + extension, adduction + abduction

Metacarpophalangeal joints function

synovial biaxial condyloid joint

Metacarpophalangeal joints type

Flexion and extension

Interphalangeal joints (PIP + DIP) function

synovial, uniaxial hinge joint

Interphalangeal joints (PIP + DIP) type