AP Gov Unit 3 Exam

The Bill of Rights were meant to apply to the federal government. What clause of what amendment has been used to force most of the Bill of Rights to apply to the states?

Due process clause of the 14th Amendment

What does the free exercise clause guarantee?

It provides for freedom of worship

What later right to privacy cases would *Griswold v. Connecticut* be a precedent for?

*Lawrence v. Texas* and *Roe v. Wade*

What amendment gave women the vote?

19th Amendment

What is the purpose of habeas corpus?

To prevent unfair imprisonment

What court case in the 1950s did the most for the Civil Rights Movement?

*Brown v. Board of Education*

Does free speech only apply to the written word?

No, free speech also applies to actions and symbols

Discrimination in public accommodations was made illegal by what law?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

What is the purpose of the Miranda Warning?

To protect against unfair police interrogation

What protection resulted from the court case *Mapp v. Ohio*?

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure

What right is guaranteed by the court cases *Gideon v. Wainright* and *Johnson v. Zerbst*?

Right to an attorney

What does the establishment clause prohibit?

Establishment of a state church

What does the clear-and-present danger test restrict?

Free speech

Most Americans claim to support free speech. Do the actions of most Americans support that?

No, people are often intolerant of views that they don’t support

The original purpose of the Bill of Rights was to protect citizens from what?

The federal government

What amendments guarantees us our civil liberties?

1st Amendment

What amendment guarantees us our civil rights?

* 5th for the federal government
* 14th for the state

What are the two ways that we can get citizenship?

* You can gain citizenship by “Jus Soli,” right of soil
* You can gain citizenship by “Jus Sanguinis,” right of blood
* A person can meet the requirements to become a naturalized citizen
* Entire groups of people can be naturalized at the same time (as when Hawaii became a state)

Know the types of aliens

* Permanent (resident)
* Refugee
* Illegal
* Enemy
* Non-resident

Know what rights have been passed on down to the states by selective incorporation and which have not

* Have:
* Freedoms of speech, religion, and assembly
* Protections against double jeopardy, illegal search and seizure
* Right to bring witnesses
* Have not:
* Right to bear arms
* Quartering soldiers
* Grand jury requirement

*Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade,* and *Lawrence v. Texas* are court rulings that are based on our right to … ?

Privacy

Know what is legal and what is not regarding religion

* Transportation to religious school is ok
* Holding religious services in school building (not during school hours) is ok
* Release time for religious instruction is ok
* Reading a Bible in school is __**not**__ ok
* Organized prayer in school is __**not**__ ok
* Posting the Ten Commandments in a school is __**not**__ ok

Know what “fighting words” are

Words that lead to violence

The 19th Amendment, the Equal Rights Amendment (proposed, but not passed), and Title IX of the Educations amendments of 1972 were put in place to help what group?

Women

The exclusionary rule says what?

It says that illegally obtained evidence is not allowed in a trial

What was a “grandfather clause”?

It was a clause after the civil war that stated that only those whose grandfathers voted in the past would be allowed to vote

What is eminent domain?

It is the acquiring and converting of land from private use for public use

A police officer doesn’t need a search warrant in what scenarios?

* If there is evidence in plain view
* If there is criminal activity related to an automobile
* If it is believed that the suspect is armed and dangerous
* When making a lawful arrest

Which free speech test is used the least?

* Bad Tendency Doctrine
* Preferred Position Doctrine
* Prior Restraint

Prior Restraint

Which Amendment banned voting discrimination based upon race?

15th Amendment

What is sedition?

Speech that could lead to the imminent overthrow of the government

What governmental action was the court case *Kelo v. New London* based upon?

Eminent domain

Which of the following has the Supreme Court not ruled as being true?

* The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment
* The death penalty violates the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution
* People under a certain IQ may not be executed

The death penalty violates the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution

Give 2 requirements of a search warrant

* There must be probable cause for one to be issued
* The warrant must include an address and description of the building to be searched
* The warrant must specify what areas are to be searched
* The search must take place in reasonable locations
* The warrant must be specific as to what is being searched for

*Plessy v. Ferguson* made segregation legal based upon what doctrine?

“Separate but equal” doctrine

The court cases *Gitlow v. New York* and *New York Times v. Sullivan* were challenges to what amendment?

1st Amendment

Give 1 requirement or ability of the federal government from the Voting Rights Act of 1965

* It gave federal oversight to voting in the states
* It required ballots to be provided in other languages prevalent in the area
* It allowed federal officials to count ballots

The right to burn an American flag is protected by our freedom of … ?

Speech

The main years of the Civil Rights Movement were 1954-1968. Know what presidents were in power during this time period.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson

Are Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto laws legal?

No

What did the Simpson-Mazzoli Act of 1986 do?

It gave illegal aliens citizenship if they met certain criteria

Illegal aliens get most of the same rights of citizens. There are some exceptions. Name something that an illegal alien cannot do.

* Voting
* Participation in jury
* Hiring for jobs in the public and private sectors
* Staying unconditionally in the U.S.