bio vocab chapter 11

fertilization

produces a new cell which develops into a tiny embryo encased within a seed.

gamete

another name for sex cells

haploid

only contain one set of chromosomes

diploid

two sets of cells and or chromosomes

multiple alleles

genes that have more than two alleles.

independent assortment

genes that separate independently

phenotype

physical characteristics

gene

chemical factors that determine traits

genemap

?

allele

different forms of a gene

heterozygous

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait ex.Tt

punnett square

gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross (diagram)

incomplete dominance

one allele is not completely dominant over another

genetics

study of are heredity

hybrid

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

probability

likelihood that a particular event will occur

true breeding

if they were allowed to self pollinate they would produce offspring identical to themselves.

segregation

separation of alleles

genotype

genetic makeup of a cell

trait

specific characteristic such as seed color or plant height

homologous

each set of 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

crossing over

exchange portions of their chromatids in a process called

polygenic traits

traits controlled by two or more genes “having many genes”

homozygous

organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait ex. TT or tt

meiosis

process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes er cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes

codominance

both alleles contribute to the phenotype