CNA Final Exam Review (copy)

effective communication (CH. 11.1) PG. 255

active listening. proper body language. no slang. no stereotyping, bias, etc. be mindful of those that are hard of hearing, have vision impairments, and other impairments that would affect the way you communicate with them. ask and answer questions. be clear and concise.

non-verbal communication (CH 11.1) PG. 256

body language plays a big role in this. examples are pointing your finger, nodding your head, facial expressions, eye contact. any way that you communicate NOT using words.

working with a demanding or behavioral problem patient (CH 11.3) PG. 267

be empathetic. allow them to share their feelings. be caring and accommodating. never raise your voice or yell. be calm and patient. do not take things personally. ask questions, but don't force things.

diversity (CH 12.1) PG. 275

racial, ethnic, family, religious, sexual, generational, geographic- all types of diversity. need to be accepting and not judge! avoid challenges to accepting diversity. avoid ethnocentrism (judging culture), bias (one thing is better than another), prejudice (an opinion formed w/o facts), racism, and stereotyping. appreciate culture and accept people regardless.

starting steps (NO PAGE)

knock, introduce yourself, hand sanitize, confirm identity, provide privacy, gain verbal consent, explain procedures, practice safety.

hearing impaired (PG. ?)

face the resident when speaking, speak slowly and clearly, avoid sudden movements or sneaking up on them. DO NOT shout or raise your tone. be patient

diabetic diet (CH 19.2) PG. 464

designed to help control diabetes. CARBOHYDRATE CONTROLLED DIET. three meals daily at regular times to keep blood sugar levels steady. includes healthy carbs such as fruit, veggies, and grains. fiber-rich foods, protein, and unsaturated fats. AVOID saturated and trans fats. less than 2,300 mg of sodium a day. NEED to report if resident ate less than half their food to LNS if patient is diabetic.

resident rights (CH 3.1) PG. 45

free from abuse and phys. restraints. right to privacy. can have personal items. receive accommodations. make their own schedule. treated with respect and dignity. freedom to leave. freedom to communicate freely. free to refuse care. etc.

oral care (CH 18.1) PG. 424

high fowlers. twice a day- once in morning and once at night

blood in urine observations (CH. ?)

tell a member of the licensed nurse staff immediately

when are abdominal thrusts needed? (CH. ?)

ONLY during a complete blockage. wheezing, can't talk or breathe..

fire responsibility-RACE (CH. ?)

ALWAYS listen for announcement for further directions. R-rescue. A-alarm. C-confine. E-extinguish/evacuate. ONLY evacuate if directed to

hand hygiene (CH. 8.2) PG. 154

should be performed regularly. important for EVERYONE within a healthcare facility. top thing that prevents infection from spreading.

isolation and PPE (CH. 8.2) PG. 165)

droplet precautions: need a mask
contact precautions: gown and gloves
airborne precautions: respirator/N95 mask

anti-embolism stockings (CH. 14.3) PG. 329

reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and blood clots. usually worn first thing in the morning until bedtime at night. a care plan will determine the wearing schedule. NEED to be wrinkle-free and smooth. the patient should be in supine position when applying anti-embolism stockings.

floor spills responsibility (NO PAGE)

clean them up when you see them! whoever sees it cleans it up. do this to help prevent EVERYONE from falling.

soiled linen (CH. ?)

change linens when soiled. soiled is when linen is wet and dirty. happens after an incontinence. need to change soiled linen after incontinence and on days of a bed bath. do not let soiled linen touch the ground, your scrubs, or the clean linen. place in the dirty hamper or in a plastic bag to be put in the dirty hamper.

temperature ranges (NO PAGE)

oral: 97.6-99.6
rectal: 98.6-100.6 (MOST ACCURATE)
temporal: 97.2-100.1 (2nd MOST ACCURATE)
tympanic: 98.6-100.9
axillary: 96.6-98.6

perineal care (CH. 18.1) PG. 414

cleaning of genital area (anus and vagina or penis). need to change side of towel with every wipe. wipe from front to back. always clean with soap and water.

oral care w/ unconscious patient (CH. ?)

done every 2 hours. resident needs to be lying on their side to avoid choking. done with a mouth swab and water.

shaving (CH. 18.1) PG. 423

electric razors for diabetics and people on blood thinners. shave in the direction that the hair grows. pull the skin tight before shaving. clean razor after every swipe. use shaving cream. soften area before beginning to shave.

why don't you bathe elderly patients daily? (NO PAGE)

you do not bathe them everyday because it dries out their skin and can make it more fragile.

incontinent care (CH. ?)

document every incontinence. be supportive. change linens if soiled. perform perineal care. always with soap and water. provide new clothing.

dressing/ undressing w/ affected side (NO PAGE)

TOSS: Take Off Strong Side
POWS: Put On Weak Side

diet card (CH. ?)

states name, room #, allergies, specific diet accommodations, likes and dislikes. compare diet card to food on plate and wristband. always confirm diet card with wristband before setting down food tray.

pressure sores diet (NO PAGE)

high protein diet, repairs skin and heals wounds. promotes healing.

ounces to milliliters (NO PAGE)

1 ounce (Oz.) = 30 milliliters (ml.)

repositioning (CH. ?)

should be done every 2 hours. helps to prevent pressure ulcers. turn in lateral position.

ROM- range of motion (CH. 14. 3) PG. 332

supine position. always support from underneath. always ask about pain and discomfort. always done in sets of three.

transfer bed to wheelchair (CH. 14.1) PG. 313

practice safety. make sure that they have shoes on. dangle before leaving the bed and ask about dizziness. make sure you have a gait belt. wheelchair is locked and bed is locked.

AMB- ambulation (CH. ?)

always have a gait belt.
stages: let them dangle, help them stand, assist as necessary.
assisting: ask of pain, appropriate equip if needed, explain procedure, good posture and body mechanics, ease to floor by grasping under the axilla if resident is falling.

transfer from wheelchair to bed should have? (NO PAGE)

transfer a patient on their strong side. never begin on their weak side.

fall preventions (CH. 4.2) PG. 65

make sure shoes are worn. no long clothing. clean and clear area. ask about dizziness before standing. make sure the bed is always low to the ground and is restraint free.

abuse (CH. ?)

always report abuse or suspected abuse. different types such as negligence, malpractice, etc.

alzheimer's (AD)/ dementia (CH. 22)

signs and symptoms and how to care for patients with dementia and AD. always be patient and help the patient out as much as possible. be supportive. do not make them upset and basically, conform to their statements. speak in slow and simple sentences. they may become agitated due to incontinence, need to use the restroom, lack of rest, and hunger.

activities for dementia (CH. 22)

distractions. music, art therapy, doll play, playtime, dog therapy, and looking at pictures. talking to them about past memories to help them recall things.