1/82
Flashcards generated from lecture notes on lipids and related biochemical concepts.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Lipids are __
A broad group of organic compounds including fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins.
Examples of lipids include __
Fats, waxes, and sterols.
Fat-soluble vitamins include __
Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Glycerides include __
Monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides.
Lipids are formed from __ combined by an ester linkage.
Alcohol and fatty acids.
Triacylglycerols are __
Energy-storage lipids.
Phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol are examples of __
Membrane lipids.
Bile acids are __
Emulsification lipids.
Steroid hormones and eicosanoids are examples of __
Messenger lipids.
Biological waxes are examples of __
Protective-coating lipids.
Lipids are involved in storing energy, acting as structural components, and __
Signaling.
Lipids act as structural components of __
Cell membranes.
Lipids are used in __
Cosmetic and food industries.
Cholesterol helps you __
Take in fats and vitamins and make hormones.
Cholesterol and triglycerides combine with __ to make lipoproteins.
Proteins.
Lipids are either __
Hydrophobic (nonpolar) or amphiphilic.
HDL is made by __
The liver and small intestine.
The liver converts cholesterol to __
Bile acid excretion.
HDL fights __
Inflammation, blood clots, and oxidation.
VLDL is made by __
The liver.
__ takes triglyceride from your liver to other cells.
VLDL.
When VLDLs drop off triglycerides and cholesterol, they become __
LDLs.
LDLs can stick to your __
Artery walls.
Hydrophilic groups are __
Charged groups.
Carboxylates, sulfates, sulfonates, and phosphates are examples of __ hydrophilic groups.
Anionic.
Ammoniums are examples of __ hydrophilic groups.
Cationic.
Diacyl glycerol (DAG) is an example of __
Alcohols with large R groups.
Biological lipids originate from __ distinct types of biochemical subunits.
Two.
The two distinct types of biochemical subunits for biological lipids are __
Ketoacyl and isoprene groups.
Lipid derivatives are divided into __ categories.
Eight.
Examples of categories that lipid derivatives are divided into __
Fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides.
GIT:__
α defensin & pepsin & lysozyme
HCL of stomach:__
kill ingested microbes
Tears in eye: __
lysozyme
Lysozyme; in serum and tears,__
breaks down the bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Interferon;_
induces antiviral state in uninfected cells and activates other cells which kill pathogens
Integrins : Are__
surface proteins found on many different cells of the body
They play a role in inflammation and in the immune response by__
promoting cell- to-cell interaction
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Hyperlipidemia (high lipid levels).
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Hypolipidemia (low lipid levels).
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Hypercholesterolemia.
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Atherosclerosis.
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Hypertriglyceridemia.
The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__
Coronary artery disease
Compound lipids:__
Are simple lipids with other compounds also attached
Phospholipids (Glycerophospholipids):__
Fats containing phosphoric acid
Phospholipids have__
One hydrophilic head containing a phosphate group.
Phospholipids have__
Two hydrophobic tails derived from fatty acids.
hydrophobic tails are joined by__
An alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule).
Marine phospholipids typically have__
omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA
Phospholipids are a key component of __
All cell membranes.
Phospholipids can form __ because of their amphiphilic characteristic.
Lipid bilayers.
In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid, __
Sterol.
The combination of phospholipids and sterols provides __
Fluidity and mechanical strength.
Glycolipids are lipids with __ attached.
A carbohydrate.
They maintain the __
Stability of the cell membrane and cellular recognition.
Cellular recognition is crucial to the __
Immune response.
Glycolipids are found on the surface of all __
Eukaryotic cell membranes.
Glycolipids extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the __
Extracellular environment.
Cerebrosides are found primarily in the __
Brain and peripheral nervous tissue.
Cerebrosides act as an __
Insulator and protective coating.
Gangliosides are composed of __
Sialic acid residues.
Gangliosides are the main components of the __
Animal’s cell membrane.
Gangliosides are abundantly found in the plasma membrane of __
The neurons.
The main functions of Glycolipid are:__
Provides energy to the cells.
Glycolipid is an__
Essential part of cell membranes.
Glycolipid helps in __
Determining the blood group of an individual.
Glycolipid acts as a__
Receptor at the surface of the red blood cells.
Glycolipid acts as__
Antigen or PAMP in pathogens
Sterols:__
Are structural lipids present in the membranes of most eukaryotic cells
Sterols are forms of steroids with a__
hydroxyl group at positionthree
Compound lipids__
are simple lipids with other compounds also attached
__: Are simple lipids with other compounds also attached
Classification of Lipids
Eg. ___
Cholesterol
T. __
Total Cholesterol
__ (high-density lipoproteins)
HDL
__ (low-density lipoproteins)
LDL
Coronary Risk
__ LDL (low-density lipoproteins)
Calculated
Hypercholesterolemia:__
Atherosclerosis
H-C-OH:__
Glycerol
HO-C-R₁:__
3 Fatty acids
H-C-O:__
Triglyceride