Functional Biochemistry II Lecture 1 - Lipids Flashcards

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/82

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on lipids and related biochemical concepts.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

83 Terms

1
New cards

Lipids are __

A broad group of organic compounds including fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins.

2
New cards

Examples of lipids include __

Fats, waxes, and sterols.

3
New cards

Fat-soluble vitamins include __

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

4
New cards

Glycerides include __

Monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides.

5
New cards

Lipids are formed from __ combined by an ester linkage.

Alcohol and fatty acids.

6
New cards

Triacylglycerols are __

Energy-storage lipids.

7
New cards

Phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol are examples of __

Membrane lipids.

8
New cards

Bile acids are __

Emulsification lipids.

9
New cards

Steroid hormones and eicosanoids are examples of __

Messenger lipids.

10
New cards

Biological waxes are examples of __

Protective-coating lipids.

11
New cards

Lipids are involved in storing energy, acting as structural components, and __

Signaling.

12
New cards

Lipids act as structural components of __

Cell membranes.

13
New cards

Lipids are used in __

Cosmetic and food industries.

14
New cards

Cholesterol helps you __

Take in fats and vitamins and make hormones.

15
New cards

Cholesterol and triglycerides combine with __ to make lipoproteins.

Proteins.

16
New cards

Lipids are either __

Hydrophobic (nonpolar) or amphiphilic.

17
New cards

HDL is made by __

The liver and small intestine.

18
New cards

The liver converts cholesterol to __

Bile acid excretion.

19
New cards

HDL fights __

Inflammation, blood clots, and oxidation.

20
New cards

VLDL is made by __

The liver.

21
New cards

__ takes triglyceride from your liver to other cells.

VLDL.

22
New cards

When VLDLs drop off triglycerides and cholesterol, they become __

LDLs.

23
New cards

LDLs can stick to your __

Artery walls.

24
New cards

Hydrophilic groups are __

Charged groups.

25
New cards

Carboxylates, sulfates, sulfonates, and phosphates are examples of __ hydrophilic groups.

Anionic.

26
New cards

Ammoniums are examples of __ hydrophilic groups.

Cationic.

27
New cards

Diacyl glycerol (DAG) is an example of __

Alcohols with large R groups.

28
New cards

Biological lipids originate from __ distinct types of biochemical subunits.

Two.

29
New cards

The two distinct types of biochemical subunits for biological lipids are __

Ketoacyl and isoprene groups.

30
New cards

Lipid derivatives are divided into __ categories.

Eight.

31
New cards

Examples of categories that lipid derivatives are divided into __

Fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides.

32
New cards

GIT:__

α defensin & pepsin & lysozyme

33
New cards

HCL of stomach:__

kill ingested microbes

34
New cards

Tears in eye: __

lysozyme

35
New cards

Lysozyme; in serum and tears,__

breaks down the bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan)

36
New cards

Interferon;_

induces antiviral state in uninfected cells and activates other cells which kill pathogens

37
New cards

Integrins : Are__

surface proteins found on many different cells of the body

38
New cards

They play a role in inflammation and in the immune response by__

promoting cell- to-cell interaction

39
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Hyperlipidemia (high lipid levels).

40
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Hypolipidemia (low lipid levels).

41
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Hypercholesterolemia.

42
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Atherosclerosis.

43
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Hypertriglyceridemia.

44
New cards

The production of wrong amount of lipids can cause:__

Coronary artery disease

45
New cards

Compound lipids:__

Are simple lipids with other compounds also attached

46
New cards

Phospholipids (Glycerophospholipids):__

Fats containing phosphoric acid

47
New cards

Phospholipids have__

One hydrophilic head containing a phosphate group.

48
New cards

Phospholipids have__

Two hydrophobic tails derived from fatty acids.

49
New cards

hydrophobic tails are joined by__

An alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule).

50
New cards

Marine phospholipids typically have__

omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA

51
New cards

Phospholipids are a key component of __

All cell membranes.

52
New cards

Phospholipids can form __ because of their amphiphilic characteristic.

Lipid bilayers.

53
New cards

In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid, __

Sterol.

54
New cards

The combination of phospholipids and sterols provides __

Fluidity and mechanical strength.

55
New cards

Glycolipids are lipids with __ attached.

A carbohydrate.

56
New cards

They maintain the __

Stability of the cell membrane and cellular recognition.

57
New cards

Cellular recognition is crucial to the __

Immune response.

58
New cards

Glycolipids are found on the surface of all __

Eukaryotic cell membranes.

59
New cards

Glycolipids extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the __

Extracellular environment.

60
New cards

Cerebrosides are found primarily in the __

Brain and peripheral nervous tissue.

61
New cards

Cerebrosides act as an __

Insulator and protective coating.

62
New cards

Gangliosides are composed of __

Sialic acid residues.

63
New cards

Gangliosides are the main components of the __

Animal’s cell membrane.

64
New cards

Gangliosides are abundantly found in the plasma membrane of __

The neurons.

65
New cards

The main functions of Glycolipid are:__

Provides energy to the cells.

66
New cards

Glycolipid is an__

Essential part of cell membranes.

67
New cards

Glycolipid helps in __

Determining the blood group of an individual.

68
New cards

Glycolipid acts as a__

Receptor at the surface of the red blood cells.

69
New cards

Glycolipid acts as__

Antigen or PAMP in pathogens

70
New cards

Sterols:__

Are structural lipids present in the membranes of most eukaryotic cells

71
New cards

Sterols are forms of steroids with a__

hydroxyl group at positionthree

72
New cards

Compound lipids__

are simple lipids with other compounds also attached

73
New cards

__: Are simple lipids with other compounds also attached

Classification of Lipids

74
New cards

Eg. ___

Cholesterol

75
New cards

T. __

Total Cholesterol

76
New cards

__ (high-density lipoproteins)

HDL

77
New cards

__ (low-density lipoproteins)

LDL

78
New cards

Coronary Risk

79
New cards

__ LDL (low-density lipoproteins)

Calculated

80
New cards

Hypercholesterolemia:__

Atherosclerosis

81
New cards

H-C-OH:__

Glycerol

82
New cards

HO-C-R₁:__

3 Fatty acids

83
New cards

H-C-O:__

Triglyceride