Unit 6 Micronutrients

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46 Terms

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B vitamins

Essential nutrients that act as coenzymes in energy metabolism or amino acid metabolism.

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Thiamin (B-1) Food Sources

Pork, legumes, whole grains, enriched cereals, sunflower seeds

<p><strong>Pork</strong>, legumes, whole grains, enriched cereals, sunflower seeds</p>
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Thiamin Deficiency

Beriberi

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Riboflavin Deficiency

Inflammation of the mouth & tongue; cracks at corner of mouth

<p>Inflammation of the mouth &amp; tongue; cracks at corner of mouth</p>
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Riboflavin (B-2) Food Sources

Dairy, eggs, and leafy greens

<p><strong>Dairy</strong>, eggs, and leafy greens</p>
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Why is milk not packaged in clear containers?

Because riboflavin is broken down when exposed to light.

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Niacin (B-3) Food Sources

Meat, fish, and poultry, enriched grains

<p>Meat, fish, and poultry, enriched grains</p>
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Niacin Deficiency

Pellagra

<p>Pellagra</p>
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Niacin Toxicity

Flushing of skin

<p>Flushing of skin</p>
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Pyridoxine (B-6) Food Sources

Animal proteins, potatoes, spinach, bananas, avocados, fortified cereals

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Pyridoxine Deficiency

Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, confusion, & depression

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Pyridoxine Toxicity

Only from supplements - skin lesions & irreversible nerve damage

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Folate Food Sources

Leafy green veggies, liver, legumes

<p>Leafy green veggies, liver, legumes</p>
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Folate Deficiency

Anemia & Neural tube defects

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What can high dose folic acid supplements mask?

B-12 deficiency

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What is folic acid?

Synthetic form of folate, available in supplements

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The highest folic acid dose is recommended for whom?

Early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects

<p>Early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects</p>
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Cobalamin (B-12) Food Sources

Animal foods, fortified cereals

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Cobalamin Deficiency

Pernicious anemia due to decreased intrinsic factor & Neurological symptoms (loss of concentration/memory; tingling)

<p>Pernicious anemia due to decreased intrinsic factor &amp; Neurological symptoms (loss of concentration/memory; tingling)</p>
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What does intrinsic factor do with B-12?

Allows for B-12 to be absorbed

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Vegans are at higher risk for what deficiency?

Cobalamin (B-12)

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Can the body store B-12 even though it’s water soluble?

Yes! It’s stored in the liver, so it can take quite a while for a deficiency to reveal itself.

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Pantothenic Acid

B Vitamin found in various foods

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Pantothenic Acid Deficiency

Rare; weakness, fatigue, GI issues

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Biotin Deficiency

Rare - dermatitis, conjunctivitis, hair loss, nervous system issues

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Choline Food Sources

Eggs, meat, fish, milk

<p>Eggs, meat, fish, milk</p>
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Choline

Vitamin-like substance

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Choline Function

Precursor for acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)

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Choline Toxicity

Fishy body odor

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Iodine Chemical Symbol

I

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Iodine Food Sources

Iodized salt, saltwater fish, seaweed

<p>Iodized salt, saltwater fish, seaweed</p>
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Iodine Function

Thyroid hormone synthesis

<p>Thyroid hormone synthesis</p>
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Iodine Deficiency

Goiter; Cretinism

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Iodine Toxicity

Inhibits thyroid function

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Chromium Chemical Symbol

Cr

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Chromium Food Sources

Eggs, liver, whole grains, beans, meats, dark chocolate

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Chromium Function

Enhances insulin action (blood glucose regulation)

<p>Enhances insulin action (blood glucose regulation)</p>
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Chromium Deficiency

Glucose intolerance, nerve damage, weight loss

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Manganese Chemical Symbol

Mn

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Manganese Food Sources

Nuts, legumes, whole grains, leafy greens, coffee, tea

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Manganese Function

Cofactor in metabolism & antioxidant systems

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Manganese Deficiency

Poor growth, skeletal abnormalities, impaired metabolism

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Manganese Toxicity

Nervous system disorders (stiffness, tremors)

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Sulfur Chemical Symbol

S

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Sulfur Food Sources

Protein food sources (sulfur is part of some amino acids)

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Sulfur Function

Stabilizes protein structure; acid-base balance