Catabolic and Anabolic Selective Tendencies

Self sufficient

bacteria can be considered

Glucose

_________ is the most important substrate for even bacteria

glycolytic pathway in eukaryotes

Embden-Meyerhof-parnas is similar to

phosphofructokinase bypass

Entner-Doudoroff

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

provides nucleic acid precursors and NADPH+H+

Heterotrophic metabolism

Obtain energy from oxidation of organic compounds.

lack of PFK

cannot synthesise fructose 1,6- disphosphate when

Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas

What do most bacteria use?

2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate

What is the net yield of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas?

Entner-Doudoroff

Mostly aerobic bacteria - Azotobacter and Pseudomonas use

1 ATP, 1 Pyruvate

Net yield of Entner-Doudoroff ?

Pentose Phosphate Cycle

Cyanobacteria use this?

Pentose sugar

Within the PPP glucose ——>

Oxygen

After pyruvate is obtained from prokaryotic catabolism pyruvate is further catabolized in a manner dependent on ________

Aerobic conditions

pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O via acetyl-CoA by virtue of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Some metabolic energy is made available in the form of ATP by virtue of

ADP to form ATP

Substrate phosphorylation causes Transfer of phosphate from a high energy organic phosphoryl intermediate to

oxidative phosphorylation

additional metabolic energy is made available in the form of ATP by virtue of

Aerobic respiration

ultimate electron acceptor from terminal electron

transport chain component is molecular oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration

ultimate electron acceptor from terminal electron

transport chain component is NO3-2, SO4-2, or CO2.

In eurkaryotes

electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Plasma membrane

In prokaryotes, where is the ETC located

Higher to lower energy state

Within the etc in prokaryotes, Electrons move through the electron transport chain from a

Fermentation

Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is further catabolized by

Complete tca cycle and aerobic electron transport

Fermentation occurs in the absence of both a

fermentation

substrate-level phosphorylation

aerobic

oxidative phosphorylation

Grow slower

During anerobic fermentation, there is Less efficient production of ATP, therefore anaerobes and facultatives growing anaerobically ____ ______

NAD+, NADP+ and FAD+

Fermentative pathways regenerate oxidized

Organic acids and alcohols

Large amounts of what are produced in fermentation?

In vitro cultivation methods

can be carried

out under aerobic or

anaerobic conditions.

Antibiotics and other antibacterial compounds

The reactions in the pathways leading to the unique macromolecules are often the mechanistic targets for many

70s

Bacteria ribosomes

80s

Non mitochondrial ribsomes of eurkaryotes

Polysomes

multiple ribosomes

concomitantly translating the same

transcript molecule

Biocide

Triclosan is a

Type 2 bacterial fatty acid synthesis

What does triclosan inhibit

enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI)

Triclosan interacts directly with the

Enzyme catalysis

Formation of a stable ternary complex between FabI, NAD+, and triclosan, thereby inhibiting

Selective toxicity

Specific binding affinities for 50S or 30S ribosomal subunits explains the ______ ________ of aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline and other antibiotic classes.

Chloramphenicol, macrolides,

and lincosamides

- Bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit

- Prevent peptide bond formation

- Stop protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides

- Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit

- Impair proofreading, resulting in production of faulty proteins

Tetracyclines

- Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit

- Block the binding of tRNAs, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis

Protein-synthesis inhibiting antibacterials

Chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines are