Week 3 info for quiz

The Percent Daily Value on a Nutrition Facts label is based on a _______-calorie diet.

2000

The major cause of foodborne illnesses is __________ food handling.

Unsanitary

Which pathogen caused by foodborne illness may cause arthritis symptoms after the initial illness has resolved?

Salmonellosis

What is the virus associated with vomiting and diarrhea after consuming oysters?

Norovirus

Nutrition _________ occurs when poverty limits access to adequate food. 

insecurity

Common symptoms of a __________ illness include; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

foodborne

When choosing a nutritional supplement, clients should look for _________ research articles.

credible 

Natural __________ foods provide additional nutritional health benefits and are sold as they exist in nature. 

functional

Washing hands often, keeping foods separated, and cooking foods to the correct __________ prevents ____________ illnesses.

temperature; Foodborne

In the traditional Chinese diet, few dairy products are consumed because ________ intolerance is prevalent in this population.

lactose

Fill in the blank: Acculturation of people of Mexican descent can lead to changes in diet, including a decrease in ________.

fiber

Fill in the blank: The FDA requires supplement production to meet ______ _______ for manufacturing.

quality standards

In Jewish culture, a food that is meat and dairy free is called _______.

Pareve  ( a food that has no meat or milk in any form as an ingredient, making it permissible for certain uses according to the dietary laws.)

Fill in the blank: When it comes to diet, observant Buddhists are most likely ________.

vegetarian

A devout Muslim following dietary law will likely avoid consumption of ______.

Pork

Seventh-Day Adventists tend to avoid milk, because most are __________ vegetarians.

lacto-ovo (Most Seventh-Day Adventists tend to be lacto-ovo vegetarians. Some do eat meat, but if so avoid pork.)

When it comes to diet, part of client-centered care is asking the individual what his or her preferences are instead of making __________ based on generalizations.

assumptions

If an immigrant to the United States is experiencing health issues due to the consumption of an American diet, the nurse should __________ the client to find similar foods from their culture to include in their diet.

encourage

In order to maintain a healthy eating pattern while traveling, read the _____ before selecting the restaurant.

menu

On nutrition labels, ingredients are listed in _________ order by ______

descending; weight

Facts Up Front labeling includes information like sodium content, saturated fat, sugar content, and the total number of __________.

calories

The FDA requires identity, purity, composition, and _______ of dietary supplements to be accurately reflected on labels.

strength

If a client eats an entire container of a snack that contains three servings, the caloric intake will be _________.

triple

The F.D.A. requires supplement manufacturers to disclose all ingredients which may be linked to ___________.

allergens

Dietary supplements cannot guarantee __________ doses of nutrients in each bottle

consistent 

Fill in the blank: Organic farming means no prohibited fertilizers or ________.

Pesticides

A healthy diet provides enough of all essential nutrients to? \n

help attain and maintain healthy body weight \n promote overall health \n reduce risk of chronic disease

Prominent characteristics of healthy eating patterns are \n

variety

balance

moderation

individually appropriate

What is Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern? \n

it is based on the types and proportions of foods Americans typically consume

in nutrient-dense forms and appropriate amounts

aligns closely with the Dietary Approaches to Stop \n Hypertension (DASH) diet

What is a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern \n

provides slightly higher amounts of protein foods \n overall and significantly higher amounts of seafood/week \n

is higher in fruits \n

contains less dairy so the pattern is lower in \n calcium and vitamin D

What is the Underlying Principles of Healthy Eating? \n

Choose nutrient-dense foods and beverages. \n

Meet nutrient needs through food and \n beverages, not supplements. \n

Use portion control to avoid exceeding calorie \n limits. \n

Focus on variety to ensure nutritional adequacy.

True or False

\n DGA is evidence-based advice that is focused on providing nutritional health promotion

True

\n Rationale: DGA provides evidence-based advice \n across the lifespan on food and beverages to consume \n to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic disease, \n and meet nutrient needs. The guidelines are revised \n every 5 years.

Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern includes? \n

excludes meat, poultry, and seafood;

\n lists the subgroups of protein foods as eggs; beans, \n peas, lentils; soy products; and nuts and seeds; the \n amount of beans, peas, and lentils recommended \n under protein foods is in addition to the amount \n recommended from the vegetable group;

\n includes higher amounts of legumes, soy products, \n and nuts and seeds;

\n at some calorie levels, provides slightly higher \n amounts of whole grains and calories for other uses

Nutrient-Dense Foods come from where? \n

provide vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial \n substances relative to the number of calories;

\
little or no added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium;

\n helps achieve nutrient requirements without \n exceeding calorie needs;

\n vegetables, fruits, whole grains, eggs, beans, peas, \n lentils, nuts, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and \n lean proteins.

\
These calories are referred to “limit on calories for \n other uses.”

Should you Meet Nutrient Needs through Food and Beverages?

\n

Yes, as much as possible before taking supplements for what is not in the diet

% of fruits and veggies, grains and proteins that should be in someone’s plate

\n Graphic illustration of the DGA that was created \n to help consumers achieve healthy eating \n patterns. \n ½ fruits and vegetables \n ¼ protein \n ¼ grains

Should you choose foods and beverages with less added \n sugars, saturated fat, and sodium?

Yes

true or false:

\
Fresh fruits provide more calories than vegetables and virtually all the calories in fruit \n are from natural sugars.

True

True or false:

\
Canned and frozen fruit with added sugar are \n higher in carbohydrates and calories

True

\n Are Vegetables naturally low in calories, and generally higher in vitamins and minerals than fruits.

yes

How do grains provide calories?

from starch and incomplete protein.

What is lost in grains when the bran and germ are removed?

\

Fiber, iron, phytochemicals, and many B \n vitamins

Sources of proteins in foods

\n It contains both animal (meat, poultry, seafood, \n eggs) and plant (nuts, seeds, beans, peas, \n lentils)

Dairy items that provide calcium

Milk

Yogurt

Natural cheese

Fortified soy milk and yogurt

True or false?

\
\n MyPlate is a graphic illustration that features a dinner \n plate with one half devoted to fruits and vegetables, \n one fourth to protein, and one fourth to grains. Dairy \n is presented alongside the plate.

True

\n Rationale: MyPlate is a graphic illustration of the DGA. \n It features a dinner plate with one half devoted to \n fruits and vegetables, one fourth to protein, and one \n fourth to grains. Dairy is presented alongside the \n plate.

Top five ways people say their diets have changed over the last 10 years because they change what in their diet?

o limiting sugar intake

o eating more fruits and vegetables

o eating less carbohydrate

o eating healthier protein sources

o eating better and healthier in general

What specific information be included on the food label

The name and form (e.g., sliced or chopped) of the \n product \n

The net amount of the food or beverage by weight, \n measure, or count \n

The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, \n or distributor.

How is Ingredients of packaged (canned, bottled, boxed, \n and wrapped) food listed?

\

must be listed in descending order by weight.

nutrition and health on a food label includes?

* Added sugars


* Percent daily value (%DV) - Sodium, dietary fiber, and vitamin D
* Micronutrients - Vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium
* Calories from fat

Which foods are exempt from needing to be labeled?

* Raw foods: fresh fruits, vegetables, and fish
* Foods containing insignificant amounts of \n nutrients, such as coffee, tea, and spice
* Bulk food
* Foods in packages with a surface area for \n labeling of less than 12 square inches, such as \n breath mints

Eight major food allergens: \n

\n

* Milk and eggs
* Fish and crustacean shellfish
* Tree nuts and peanuts
* Wheat
* Soybeans

These 8 allergens are responsible for ____ % of all food allergies

90%

Which Three categories are defined for country of origin

* U.S. only origin
* Foreign only origin
* Mixed origin

Which foods require the Country of Origin labeled on it? \n

* Required on beef, lamb, pork, chicken, fish, shellfish
* peanuts
* fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables
* pecans, macadamia nuts
* and ginseng

Is the following statement true or false?

\n Ingredient listings and Nutrition Facts labels are reliable and accurate by law.

True

\n Rationale: Although ingredient listings and Nutrition \n Facts labels are reliable and accurate by law, \n advertising made to resemble newsworthy articles or \n featuring celebrity endorsements can blur the line \n between false advertising and freedom of speech.

How are health claims on food labels are legally defined?

Such as “calcium may help prevent osteoporosis.” \n and “low sodium may help prevent high blood \n pressure

What do structure/function claims do?

\n a. Offer the possibility that a food may improve body function

\n b. Show FDA approval of the claim

\n c. Cannot appear on junk food

\n d. Include symbols in their claim

\n Offer the possibility that a food may improve \n body function

\
\n Rationale: Structure/function claims offer the \n possibility that a food may improve or support body \n function, which is a subtle distinction from the \n approved health claims that relate a food or nutrient \n to a disease.

Why is Supplement use is widespread?

\

because they are \n o readily accessible \n o low in cost, appeal \n o as natural cures \n o presumed to be safe and effective \n o allow consumers to take charge of their own health

supplemental regulations

of strength, dose, claims and warnings.

\n Strength is not standardized.

Dosages are not standardized.

Claims on packaging do not require FDA \n approval.

Warnings are not required.

advise that should be given to supplemental users

\n - Should be taken at different times from \n prescribed medications. \n - Should be discontinued immediately if \n adverse side effects or supplement–drug \n interactions occur. \n - Pregnant or lactating women and children \n under the age of 6 should not use herbs and \n other botanical supplements.

Is the following statement true or false?

\n Dietary supplements are required to carry warning \n labels approved by the FDA.

False

\
\n Rationale: Unlike drugs, supplements are not required \n to carry warning labels about potential side effects, \n adverse effects, or supplement–drug interactions nor \n are there advisories about who should not use the \n product.

What is the legal status of CBD?

it is murky, since THC and CBD products \n do not meet the definition of dietary supplement.

and

it is “illegal to market CBD by adding it to a food or labeling it as a dietary supplement”.

What is the safest way to take CBD?

orally via a tablet, chewable, or tincture.

side effects of CBD

it can produce nausea, fatigue, and irritability and may interact with certain medications.

What are functional foods?

\n Generally applies to foods that provide health \n benefits beyond basic nutrition

What are Manufactured functional foods? \n

\- A blend of food and pharmacy (“phoods”) \n -Food has one or more functional ingredients \n added

Are organic foods safer \n than conventional foods?

USDA maintains that organic foods are not safer \n than conventional foods.

Which food borne illnesses s/s indicate hospital attention?

Symptoms that warrant medical attention \n include bloody diarrhea, a stiff neck with severe \n headache and fever, excessive diarrhea or \n vomiting, and any symptoms that persist for \n more than 3 days.

Identify whether the following question is true or false.

\n Nutritional information presented on the internet \n should be considered accurate.

False

\
\n Rationale: Nutrition misinformation is everywhere \n even on the internet. Individuals must be responsible \n when determining the accuracy of the information \n stated.

modified functional food examples

calcium fortified orange juice, fermented \n dairy products, and omega-3 fatty acid \n enriched eggs.

What are Nutraceuticals modified functional foods?

\

They are isolated, modified, and/or synthetic bioactive \n components that are typically given as a dietary \n supplement

What are Medical foods that are modified functional foods?

\n \n  foods formulated to meet nutrient needs of a patient \n such as an enteral tube feeding formula; \n  used in the dietary management of a disease and/or \n medical condition under the supervision of the physician

Identify whether the following question is true or false.

\
\n All functional foods are rich in phytochemicals.

False

\
\n Rationale: Functional foods contain substances that \n appear to enhance health beyond their basic \n nutritional value but plants that are rich in \n phytochemicals are natural functional foods

True or false

\
\n There is evidence that organic food is more nutritious than \n conventional food

False

there is relatively scarce sources that prove this

What are some of the ways that make it difficult to reliably measure nutritional \n differences?

\

\n  an exact definition of conventional, \n  the maturity of the samples used, \n  the varieties of individual plants chosen, \n  the study designs, and \n  whether produce has been grown in the same \n region and climatic conditions.

True or false \n All milk contains growth hormone. \n

True

\
 Whether present naturally or given to \n increase milk production, growth hormone is \n a peptide hormone that is digested in the \n human gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Identify whether the following question is true or false.

\
All aspect of food safety are addressed when \n considering organic foods.

False

\
\n Rationale: Organic standards do not specifically \n address safety issues such as microbial or chemical \n hazards.

4 ways in which contaminated food or water is transmitted to people?

\n - within food, \n - on food,

\- unsafe water, \n -human or animal feces

What are the most common symptoms of foodborne illness \n may be mistaken for the flu? \n

* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Fever
* Abdominal pain
* Headaches

What is the Major cause of foodborne illnesses?

unsanitary food handling.

What is Food biotechnology? \n

It combines plant science with genetics to improve \n food

What are some positives form Food biotechnology? \n

* Higher nutritional value
* Better flavor
* Improved characteristics
* New food varieties through crossbreeding
* Potential benefits to alleviate world hunger

There is no link between GMOs and a negative health issue

How is food Irradiation used?

it is safely used to reduce or eliminate \n pathogens that can cause foodborne illness.

What is one of the positive results of food biotechnology?

\
\n a. Blander flavor \n b. Neutral freshness \n c. Improved characteristics \n d. Enhanced food varieties

improved characteristics

\n Rationale: The positive results are numerous and \n varied including improved characteristics such as \n celery without strings.

% of U.S. households that were \n food insecure at least some time during 2018

11.1%

Which groups have a higher percentage of food insecurities?

Households with incomes near or below the \n federal poverty line. \n

Households with children: \n -Particularly households with children headed \n by single women or men. \n

Women and men living alone.

\
Black and Hispanic-headed households, and \n households in principal cities.

What are Convenience foods? \n

o Broadly defined as any product that saves time \n in food preparation, ranging from bagged fresh \n salad mixes to frozen packaged complete meals.

What is true of the typical American diet?

\n a. Is high in calcium and selenium.

\n b. The majority of foods served are made from “scratch.”

\n c. Does not include foods from other cultures.

\n d. Is difficult to define.

. Is difficult to define.

\n Rationale: A “typical American diet” is difficult to \n define.

What are core foods? \n

\-Provide a significant source of calories and are \n regularly included in the diet, usually on a \n daily basis. \n -Core foods are typically complex \n carbohydrates.

What are \n Secondary foods \n and \n Peripheral foods

1. Foods widely consumed but not on a daily \n basis \n Vary with availability

\

1. Eaten sporadically \n Typically based on an individual’s preferences, \n not cultural norms

Symbolic use of foods—(cont.) \n

o To express love \n o To reward or punish \n o To display piety \n o To express moral sentiments \n o To demonstrate belongingness to a group \n o To proclaim the separateness of a group

o Questions to ask for Understanding acculturation \n \n

What native foods do you eat daily? \n What native foods do you no longer eat? \n What new foods do you eat? \n New immigrants may not know the names \n of American foods. \n What foods do you eat to keep you healthy?

Which occurs first in dietary acculturation?

\n a. Some traditional foods are rejected.

\n b. New foods are added to the diet.

\n c. The children in the family become acculturated.

\n d. Some traditional foods are replaced by new \n foods.

New foods are added to the diet.

\
\n Rationale: Interrelated changes in food choices that \n occur as part of acculturation include adding new \n foods to the diet.

Who has a higher chance of developing diabetes as an adult>?

African American adults over their white counterpart

Mexican American diet

Traditional food practices \n Traditional Mexican diet is generally a low-fat, \n high-fiber diet rich in complex carbohydrates \n and vegetable proteins. \n Pork, goat, and poultry are the most used \n animal proteins. \n Lactose intolerance is common.

Mexican American health beliefs with food

\n Health beliefs \n Traditional health beliefs are a blend of \n European folk medicine introduced from Spain \n and Native American rituals. \n Health is viewed as a gift from God. \n Illness is inevitable. \n Certain foods may be considered “cold” or \n “hot” for healing purposes.

Which traditional diet is generally a low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in complex carbohydrates and vegetable proteins?

\n a. American \n b. African American \n c. Mexican \n d. Asian

Mexican

\
\n Rationale: The traditional Mexican diet, influenced by \n Spanish and Native American cultures, is generally a \n low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in complex carbohydrates \n and vegetable proteins, with an emphasis on corn, \n corn products, beans, rice, and breads.

Dietary practices for Roman Catholics \n

Do not eat meat on Ash Wednesday or \n Fridays in Lent \n Avoid food and beverages 1 hour before \n communion \n Observe several fast days during the year

Mormon diet \n

 Do not use coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco \n  Limit meats; eat mostly grains \n  Some fast 1 day per month