Molecular Geometry

AX2

Linear, 2 Bonds, 0 Lone Pairs, 180 degree bond angle,

Ex. BeCl2

AX3

Trigonal planar, 3 bonds, 0 lone pairs, 120 bond angle,

Ex. BF3

AX4

Tetrahedron, 4 bonds, 0 lone pairs, 109.5 bond angle,

Ex. CH4

AX5

Trigonal Bipyramidal, 5 bonds, 0 lones pairs, 120 in plane; 90 perpendicular to plane bond angle,

Ex. PCl5

AX6

Octahedron, 6 bonds, 0 lone pairs, 90 bond angle, AB6 type

Ex. SF6

AX2E1

bent, 2 bonds, 1 lone pair, slightly less than 120 bond angle,

Ex. SO2

AX3E1

Trigonal pyramid, 3 bonds, 1 lone pair, 107.3 bond angle,

Ex. NH3

AX2E2

Bent, 2 bonds, 2 lone pairs, 104.5 bond angle,

Ex. H2O

AX4E1

seesaw, 4 bonds, 1 lone pair, complex bond angle,

Ex. SF4

AX3E2

T-shaped, 3 bonds, 2 lone pairs, about 90 bond angle,

Ex. ClF3

AX2E3

Linear, 2 bonds, 3 lone paires, 180 bond angle,

Ex. XeF2

AX5E1

Square Pyramidal, 5 bonds, 1 lone pair, about 90 bond angle,

Ex. BrF5

AX4E2

Square Planar, 4 bonds, 2 lone pairs, 90 bond angle, 

XeF4

are ideal molecular geometry structures polar or non polar if the x’s are the same?

non polar

are geometric shapes with the “E” polar or non polar?

polar

electronegativity range for non polar?

0.0

electronegativity range for polar?

0.1-1.9

electronegativity range for ionic?

2.0-4.0

ch4 type

ax4

o3 type

ax2e1

co2 type

ax2

NF3 type

ax3e1

C2H2 type

ax2

XeF2 type

ax2e3

NH4+ type

AX4

H2O type

ax2e2

CH4 type

ax4

elements with high EA do what?

accept electrons easily

elements with high IE do what?

do not lose electrons easily

HOFBrNCl’s are ______

non polar

a lone pair can also be called what?

non bonding electron pair

ionic structure has crystal _______

lattice

ionic structure has what attraction

electrostatic attraction

Ionic strucuture is always __________

endothermic

as number of bonds ____ the bond length ____

increases decreases

as number of bonds _____ bond energy ______

increase increase

if the elements in a compound are in group 1 and 17 its ______

ionic

when hydrogen is bonded to a nonmetal its always what?

+1, ex: NH₃

fluorine always has an oxidation state of __

+1

to determine oxidation state for compounds w/3 or more elements, always find the one with the highest ______________

electronegativity

formal charge is finding out who as a whole group is closest to ____

zero

NH3 type

ax3e1

ionic compounds are ________

non polar

hybridization is the what?

mixing of atomic orbitals

hybridization requires a lot of ______ _____

input energy

hybridization is an _________ process

exothermic

covalent bonds are formed by an ______ of ______ orbitals with atomic orbitals

overlap hybrid

endo =

breaking

exo =

making

if it ends -ane it has what?

only single bonds

if it ends with -ene what?

if has double bonds

if it ends with -yne what?

it has triple bonds

diamond has a hybridization of what

sp3

graphite has a hybridization of what?

sp2

NO2 type

ax2 with N as the central atom

SO₄^2- type

ax4

ClO3- type

ax3e1

which bond has a negligible electron density on the internuclear axis is

pi bond