AP World Timeline (copy)

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic Empire with capital in Baghdad, known for its trade expansion and development in Dar al-Islam.

Neo-Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing hierarchy and filial piety, prominent during the Song Dynasty.

Filial Piety

The practice of honoring one’s ancestors and parents, with lower status given to daughter-in-law.

Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians aimed at converting Muslims and non-Christians.

Mongol Empire

Unified by Genghis Khan, spread cultural diffusion, impacted world trade and prevented Russian cultural development.

Silk Roads

Trade routes established by the Han dynasty, crucial during the Mongol Empire for cultural and economic exchange.

Magna Carta

Document signed in 1215 granting rights such as a fair trial to citizens.

Yuan Dynasty

First foreign-ruled dynasty of China established by Mongols, ruling from 1279 to 1368.

Ottoman Empire

Founded by Osman Bey, it expanded from Greece to Persia through the adoption of gunpowder weaponry.

Devshirme

System of enslaving Christian boys from the Balkans, converting them to Islam to form elite Janissary forces.

Mansa Musa

Malian king known for his pilgrimage to Mecca that showcased the wealth of Mali.

Black Death

Bubonic Plague that emerged in the 14th century, killing significant portions of populations in Europe and the Middle East.

Ming Dynasty

Period of Chinese history known for establishing peace after Mongol rule, expanding its borders with gunpowder.

Zheng He's voyages

Exploratory maritime expeditions by the Ming Dynasty to enroll other states in China’s tributary system.

Aztec Empire

Expansionist empire known for its strict army and rich capital city of Tenochtitlan.

Inca Empire

Andean empire characterized by a bureaucracy, unified language, and the Mit’a labor system.

Printing press

Invention by Johannes Gutenberg that made books more affordable and literacy more accessible.

Atlantic slave trade

Beginning in 1441, involving the transport of millions of enslaved Africans under brutal conditions.

Reconquista

Effort to reconvert the Iberian Peninsula to Christianity, culminating in 1491.

Protestant Reformation

Movement beginning in 1517 leading to the establishment of Protestantism and significant religious changes.

Mughal Empire

Empire in India known for rulers like Akbar who practiced religious tolerance.

Scientific Revolution

Period characterized by major advancements in scientific thought and methodology, between 1550-1700.

Opium Wars

Conflicts involving Britain and China over trade and opium, leading to significant changes in China.

Sepoy Mutiny

A rebellion in India against the British East India Company that resulted in British Crown rule.

Taiping Rebellion

Major civil war in China from 1850 to 1864, aimed at overthrowing the Qing dynasty.

Cuban Revolution

Revolution led by Fidel Castro from 1953 to 1959 to overthrow Batista's government.

Cold War

Period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from 1947 to 1991.

NAFTA

Trade agreement that came into effect in 1994, reducing tariffs between Canada, Mexico, and the US.