Freshwater Ecology - Lab Practical (Identifying Freshwater Invertebrates)

name the 4 phyla we are focused on

platyhelminthes, annelids, molluscs, arthropods

what taxonomic level is platyhelminthes?

phylum

what taxonomic level is annelida?

phylum

what taxonomic level is mollusca?

phylum

what taxonomic level is arthropoda?

phylum

what phylum and class are flatworms in?

phylum platyhelminthes, class turbellaria

what are the 2 freshwater classes under annelida?

hirudinea, oligochaeta

what phylum and class are leeches under?

phylum annelida, class hirudinea

what phylum and class are aquatic earthworms under?

phylum annelida, class oligochaeta

how to identify an oligochaete?

regularly spaced segments; soft, cylindrical, long. “aquatic earthworms”

what freshwater classes are included under mollusca?

gastropoda, bivalvia

what phylum and class are snails under?

mollusca, gastropoda

what taxonomic level is hirudinea?

class

what taxonomic level is oligochaeta?

class

what taxonomic level is turbellaria?

class

what phylum and class are mussels & clams under?

mollusca, bivalvia

what taxonomic level is gastropoda?

class

what taxonomic level is bivalvia?

class

what are 3 major characteristics for phylum arthropoda?

jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmented body

what are the 3 subphyla under arthropoda?

chelicerata, crustacea, hexapoda

what class is under subphylum chelicerata?

arachnida

what 2 types of invertebrates are under class arachnida?

water mites, spiders

what taxonomic levels are above arachnida?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: celicerata

what class is under crustacea?

malacostraca

what taxonomic levels are above malacostraca?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

what taxonomic level is arachnida?

class

what taxonomic level is malacostraca?

class

what orders are under malacostraca?

isopoda, amphipoda, decapoda

what taxonomic level is isopoda?

order

what taxonomic level is decapoda?

order

what taxonomic level is amiphipoda?

order

how to identify asellidae?

7 pairs of legs, 1st pair w claws; body flattened top to bottom

what taxonomic levels are above asellidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

class: malacostraca

order: isopoda

what taxonomic levels are above isopoda?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

class: malacostraca

how to identify amphipoda?

7 pairs of legs, 1st 2 pairs w claws; flattened side to side; “sideswimmers”

what taxonomic levels are above amphipoda?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

class: malacostraca

how to identify cambaridae?

issa crawfish. <3

what taxonomic levels are above cambaridae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

class: malacostraca

order: decapoda

what are 2 classes under hexapoda?

collembola, insecta

what taxonomic level is hexapoda?

subphylum

what taxonomic level is collembola?

class

what taxonomic levels are above collembola?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

what are the 9 orders under insecta?

ephemeroptera, plecoptera, odonata, hemiptera, megaloptera, tricoptera, coleoptera, diptera

if something ends in -tera, what taxonomic level is it in and what is it under?

it is an order and under class insecta

how to identify ephemeroptera?

gills along abdomen; 3 filaments “tails” on hind; “mayfly”

what taxonomic level is ephemeroptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above ephemeroptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

how to identify plecoptera?

have 2 filaments “tails” on hind; “stonefly”

what taxonomic level is plecoptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above plecoptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

how to identify zygoptera?

longer body with 3 feathered gills on hind; extending mouth; “damselfly larvae”

what taxonomic level is zygoptera?

suborder

what taxonomic levels are above zygoptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

how to identify anisoptera?

larger, more robust bodies; extending mouth; “dragonfly larvae”

what taxonomic levels are above anisoptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

how to identify hemiptera?

piercing/sucking mouth parts; adults have triangle on back

what taxonomic level is hemiptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above hemiptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

how to identify megaloptera?

flattened, elongated bodies; large paired gills along abdomen

what taxonomic level is megaloptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above megaloptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

how to identify tricoptera?

have hook-like anal legs on abdomen tip; head and first 2-3 segments scleratized; "caddisfly”

how to identify coleoptera?

hard elytra case covering wings; chewing mouth parts; “beetle”

what taxonomic level is coleoptera?

order

what taxonomic level is tricoptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above coleoptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

what taxonomic levels are above tricoptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

what taxonomic level is diptera?

order

what taxonomic levels are above diptera?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

what are 3 families under gastropoda?

planorbidae, lymnaeidae, physidae

how to identify planorbidae?

flat, spiral shells; “ram’s horn snails”

what taxonomic levels are above planorbidae?

phylum: mollusca

class: gastropoda

how to identify lymnaeidae?

shell opens to the right

what taxonomic levels are above lymnaeidae?

phylum: mollusca

class: gastropoda

how to identify physidae?

shell opens to the left

what taxonomic levels are above physidae?

phylum: mollusca

class: gastropoda

what are 2 families under bivalvia?

sphaeridae, unionidae

how to identify sphaeridae?

small bivalves; “fingernail clams”

what taxonomic levels are above sphaeridae?

phylum: mollusca

class: bivalvia

how to identify unionidae?

large mussels

what taxonomic levels are above unionidae?

phylum: mollusca

class: bivalvia

how to identify ephemeridae?

long upcurved mandibles; abdominal gills forked and distinct; “burrowing mayfly”

what taxonomic levels are above ephemeridae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: ephemeroptera

how to identify heptageniidae?

flattened body; mouth parts not visible from top; “flatheaded mayflies”

what taxonomic levels are above heptageniidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: ephemeroptera

what is 1 family under plecoptera?

perlidae

what taxonomic levels are above perlidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: plecoptera

what are 3 families under anisoptera?

aeshnidae, libellulidae, gomphidae

how to identify aeshnidae?

antenna have 6-7 segments of similar size; abdomen tends to be long; flat mouth; “darners”

what taxonomic levels are above aeshnidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

suborder: anisoptera

how to identify libellulidae?

spoon-shaped mouth

what taxonomic levels are above libellulidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

suborder: anisoptera

how to identify gomphidae?

mouth is flat; 3rd antenna segment larger than others; “clubtail dragonflies”

what taxonomic levels are above gomphidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

subphylum: anisoptera

what families are under zygoptera?

calopterygidae, lestidae, coenagrionidae

how to identify calopterygidae?

1st antenna segment longer than others combined

what taxonomic levels are above colopterygidae?

phyum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

suborder: zygoptera

how to identify lestidae?

very long mouth

what taxonomic levels are above lestidae?

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: hexapoda

class: insecta

order: odonata

suborder: zygoptera

how to identify coenagrionidae?

short, triangular mouth; antenna segments all about the same length