APA3325 Quiz questions and answers

False

The angle of pennation decreases with concentric muscle contraction.

true

false

True

Stress associated with work and/or family environment can increase risk of overtraining.

True

False

progressive overload

Which one of these factors is considered to be the most important element to incorporate in periodization in order to optimize fitness progress/improvement?

Recovery

Reversibility

Specificity

Progressive Overload

7-14 days

What is the timeframe that optimal (peak) performance can be sustained?

1 month

7-14 days

3-4 days

Several months

True

Understanding a client's living situation (ex: living at home alone, with/without children, etc) can influence the kinesiologist's choice of exercise prescription and periodization.

True

False

1,4,2,3

Associate the periodization phase to its corresponding competition phase.

Off-Season

Post-Season

Pre-Season

Competition Season

1. Preparation

2. First Transition

3. Competition

4. Second Transition

Front squat

Which of these exercises puts a greater accent on quadricep development?

Back squat

Front squat

True

Strength capacity decreases when contraction velocity increases.

True

False

True

Negative work refers to the eccentric phase of a movement.

True

False

Running on a treadmill

Which of these sports/exercises do(es) not use aerodynamic or hydrodynamic elements for resistance?

Running on a treadmill

Golf

Javelin throwing

Swimming

All these tests are useful

Which of the following tests would not be considered appropriate for a volleyball athlete during pre-season testing?

All of these tests are useful.

T-test

Vertical jump

Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

Y-Balance Test

1RM Back Squat

True

According to the Fitness-Fatigue Paradigm, the balances between fatigue and adaptations determine the quality of the athlete's next performance.

True

False

Burpees

Which of the following exercises will be most problematic for an individual that wears a nitroglycerin patch?

Bb squats

Db bicep curls

Db shoulder press

Burpees

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

What are the 3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Alarm

Growth

Adaptations

Overtraining

Exhaustion

Resistance

Supercompensation

Physio-recovery

Number of recruited motor neurons, size of recruited motor neurons, and the frequenc and/or speed at which the motor units are recruited

Select all neural factors that contribute to strength production.

The diameter of the innervated spinal nerve of the stimulated muscle.

Number of recruited motor units.

The activation of the proprioceptive innervation units.

The size of the recruited motor units.

The frequency and/or speed at which the motor units are recruited.

False

If all extrinsic and intrinsic factors are equal, the strength a muscle can produce is directly related to the volume of the muscle mass as opposed to the diameter of the muscle fibres.

True

False

False

The principle of reversibility indicates that gains acquired during training are permanent regardless of the load applied to the trained systems.

True

False

True

The vertical jump test assesses power.

True

False

True

Stress, nutrition and sleep can influence recovery following a training session.

True

False

True

According to the Stimulus-Fatigue-Recovery-Adaptation Theory, adaptations to stimuli decrease the recovery needed after training sessions.

True

False

True

Kinetic advantage is inversely proportional to mechanical advantage.

True

False

True

Hypertrophy increases the angle of pennation and therefore increases strength gains.

True

False

Angle of pennation

Which term is associated with the following definition:

The angle associated with the sarcomere alignment with regards to the direction of the tendon or the longitudinal axis of the muscle.

Angle of contraction

Angle of pennation

Biomechanical angle

Angle of bifurcation

Partial curl up

Which of the following tests does not assess cardiovascular endurance?

12min run

Partial curl-up (sit-up)

1.5 mile run

YMCA step test

False

Strength potential is at its smallest when a muscle is at its resting length.

True

False

True

Certain anthropometric measurements are indicators of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.

True

False

False

According to the Stimulus-Fatigue-Recovery-Adaptation Theory, full recovery must be attained before moving on to the next training session.

True

False

False

Temporary symptoms of fatigue, sore muscles and rigidity are to be avoided after training.

True

False

True

The use of inclusive language should be used at every step of a consultation. Healthcare professionals should be mindful of unintentional forms of ableism.

True

False

1,3,2

Match the type of muscle to its appropriate definition.

Agonist

Synergist

Antagonist

1.

Main muscle used in a movement

2.

Muscle opposing the prime movement

3.

Muscle facilitating a movement

True

A quarterback should complete 3 back exercises (pull) for every chest exercise (push).

True

False

Floor push-ups

Which of the following exercises is most effective in increasing the bone density of the radius?

Bb bench press (125lbs)

Bb squat (125lbs)

Floor push-ups

Wall push-ups

Db bicep curls (20lbs)

Leg press (300lbs)

True

Weight loss programs that incorporate physical activity are more effective.

True

False

False

It is possible to increase the number of Type I and Type Ix muscle fibres with resistance training.

True

False

False

Hydration level does not have an effect on the magnitude of protein synthesis.

True

False

False

A kinesiologist must provide services to all individuals who present a medical note, regardless of condition or medical history.

True

False

Increase in the number of muscle fibres

Which of the following adaptations does NOT contribute (or very little) to muscle hypertrophy?

Increase in the synthesis and/or decrease in myofibril actin-myosin degradation.

Increase in the number of myofibrils.

Proportional titin and nebulin synthesis with regards to myofilament synthesis.

Increase in the number of muscle fibres (hyperplasia).

2-3

How many weekly training sessions should be prescribed to a beginner client?

2-3

3-4

4-7

Structural

What term is used to define an exercise that requires postural stabilization during execution?

Fundamental

Isolation

Structural

Power

False

A certified kinesiologist can diagnose and/or prescribe treatments.

True

False

Medical classification

A 24 year-old 100m para-athlete has been assigned to Sport Class T62 due to their limb length and use of a prosthesis. This is an example of:

Para Classification

Medical Classification

Biomechanical Considerations

International Paralympic Committee Classification

False

During a training session, isolation exercises should be completed before fundamental exercises.

True

False

True

The saying 'No Pain, No Gain' is scientifically justified.

True

False

True

Periods of vulnerability for undesired weight gain include childhood and periods of transition.

True

False

Eccentric resistance training, 30s rest between sets, 4x/week

Which of the following training structures has the greatest effect on hypertrophy?

Eccentric resistance training, 30s rest between sets, 4x/week

Concentric resistance training, 30s rest between sets, 4x/week

Eccentric resistance training, 2min rest between sets, 2x/week

Concentric resistance training, 2min rest between sets, 2x/week

2,1,4,3

Place the following types of resistance training in order of introduction for a beginner.

Strength

Power

Endurance

Hypertrophy

False

Type I muscle fibres have a greater hypertrophic capacity than type II muscle fibres.

True

False

Everything except helping individuals to compensate for physiological and biomechanical dysfunctions

The following are goals of APA (select all that apply):

Help individuals to compensate for physiological and biomechanical dysfunctions.

Develop physical and motor fitness.

Help individuals develop aspects of their lives that contribute to an active, healthy lifestyle.

Help individuals to improve self-esteem and body image.

Help individuals to develop or improve social skills and interactions.

True

Environmental factors are considered when assigning an athlete within the ICF classification of functioning and disability structure.

True

False

True

An individual's socioeconomic status can potentially contribute to their BMI.

True

False

10-15 lbs

What load should be added to a squat exercise when a strong, highly-trained athlete is ready to progress?

2.5-5lbs

5-10lbs

10-15lbs

20+lbs

True

Fundamental exercises are generally more functional in nature.

True

False

Increase in neuromuscular junction surface area, increase in the number of acetylcholine receptors

Neuromuscular junction adaptations include (select all that apply):

Increase in acetylcholine quality

Increase in neuromuscular junction surface area

Increase in the number of acetylcholine receptors

Increase in the number of muscle fibres recruited by one motor unit

False

Paracycling is an example of clinical exercise physiology.

True

False

Testosterone and cortisol

Which hormones aid in the transition of the Type II muscle fibre?

Epinephrine and growth hormone

Epinephrine and testosterone

Cortisol and growth hormone

Testosterone and cortisol

Everything except athlet's experience

What factors influence the intensity of plyometric exercises (select all that apply)?

Athlete's experience

Point of contact

Speed of execution

Height of exercise

Body mass

Practice landing from a height of 20 inches

Which exercise is most appropriate for a 16 year-old basketball player with limited plyometric experience?

Practice landing from a height of 20 inches

20-inch depth jumps

Practice landing from a height of 48 inches

20-inch box jumps

True

Professional endurance athletes should have the majority of their aerobic training sessions completed using the same mode as their practiced sport (running, cycling, swimming, etc).

True

False

Lactic acid threshold

If two athletes have the same VO2max, what factor will determine which athlete has the best performance?

Power

Lactic acid threshold

Energy saving strategies

The two athletes will have the same performance

False

The minimum altitude that can have an effect aerobic capacity is 1600m.

True

False

True

One of the chronic adaptations that occurs at the respiratory system level is that the respiratory function becomes more effective with regards to oxygen consumption.

True

False

48-72

How much time should be reserved (rest) between the plyometric sessions of the same body region?

24 hours

48-72 hours

4 days

1 week

Mobility

What type of intervention can be completed with a sprinter to reduce friction forces at the joints?

Plyometrics

Mobility

Strength

Repetition

HR increases exponentially based on the intensity of the exercise

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the effect of acute aerobic exercise on heartrate (HR)?

HRmax= 200 - age (with at risk individuals)

HRmax varies according to an individual's physical condition and age

HR increases in anticipation of exercise participation.

HR increases exponentially based on the intensity of the exercise.

Cardiovascular endurance

Which of these fitness components cannot be trained without the use of oxygen?

Cardiovascular endurance

Speed

Strength

Agility

True

Training at altitude allows for aerobic adaptations that surpass those that could be obtained at sea level.

True

False

True

VO2max is strongly correlated with aerobic performance

True

False

True

The main objective of aerobic training is to improve VO2max.

True

False

BMI

Which of the following factors DOES NOT directly influence oxygen consumption during aerobic exercise?

BMI

Exercise intensity

The muscle mass involved in the exercise

The efficacy of the solicited metabolic systems

Neuromuscular spindle adaptations

What primary adaptations occurs in plyometric training?

Neuromuscular spindle adaptations

Spinal cord adaptations

Motor unit adaptations

Golgi tendon organ adaptations

True

Age, gender and genetics are all factors that influence aerobic adaptations.

True

False

True

Professional endurance athletes can benefit from circuit training to significantly improve their performance.

True

False

False

There are several exercises that effectively work the trunk muscles in plyometrics.

True

False

5 min

How much rest should you prescribe between two sets of box jumps that last 1 min?

1 min

2 min

5 min

12 min

False

Even at rest, the majority of cardiac output is directed towards skeletal muscles.

True

False

The systolic volume is responsible for increase in CO when VO2max attains more than 50% of max value.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cardiac output (CO) during aerobic exercise?

The systolic volume is responsible for increase in CO when VO2max attains more than 50% of max value.

CO increases rapidly at the beginning of exercise, then reaches a plateau.

CO can increase up to 4x its resting value.

CO at rest is typically 5L/min.

False

Diastolic arterial blood pressure increases with exercise intensity.

True

False

False

The respiratory system is one of the most limiting factors of aerobic performance.

True

False

All

What factors are important to consider when planning the frequency of plyometric training sessions (select all that apply)?

Athlete's age

Athlete's experience

The sport

The time in season (periodization phase)

Recuperation time

Hip extensors

What muscles are important during changes in direction?

Hip extensors

Back extensors

Hip flexors

Plantar flexors

True

It is possible to have too much stimulus during aerobic exercise resulting in adverse effects such as the breakdown of certain tissues.

True

False

True

One of the biggest challenges in teaching group classes is the heterogeneity of participants' skills.

True

False

False

BMI is the best measure to determine the risk of chronic health problems for any individual.

True

False

False

Group classes with complex movements are a great way to improve fitness for beginners with little training experience.

True

False

Body composition

Which of these goals should NOT be a training priority when the client is recovering from an eating disorder?

Muscle endurance

Body composition

Aerobic endurance

Strength

True

In prescribing exercises for special populations, it is best to underestimate the individual's capacities and progress slowly to prevent injury, discomfort, or accidents.

True

False

Relay race

Which of these exercises represents how children naturally engage in physical activity?

Constant-intensity stationary bicycle

Yoga

5-km run

Relay race

True

A training program for a women's soccer team should include exercises to improve neuromuscular function to help prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

True

False

Adherence

What term is used to describe the patient's commitment to participate in a long-term training program?

Adherence

Discipline

Determination

Resilience

True

Posture is an important element in the prevention of chronic injuries such as tendinopathy.

True

False

Everything except dehydration

What problems can be caused by a bone marrow injury due to general vasodilation below the lesion (select all that apply)?

Thermoregulation dysfunction

Decreased blood pressure

Decreased veinous return in lower extremities

Dehyration

False

Babies whose mother trained during pregnancy usually have heavier birth weights.

True

False

True

A concussion prevention strategy that can be used includes improving reaction time and vision.

True

False

Bench press

Which exercise is contraindicated for pregnant women?

Squats

Bench press

Abdominal exercises

Running

True

Pregnant women, with prior training experience or not, can benefit from exercising during pregnancy.

True

False

Hip flexors

Which muscle groups may increase the risk of lower back pain in hockey players if retracted (shortened/inflexible)?

Hip extensors

Hip flexors

Rhomboids

Knee extensors

False

The Valsalva maneuver is an effective way of accelerating cardiac adaptations during resistance training for individuals with CV disease.

True

False

False

Resistance training exercises are contraindicated for children.

True

False

Soleus

What muscle is problematic in medial tibial stress syndrome (formerly known as 'shin splints')?

Peroneus longus

Soleus

Peroneus brevis

Gastrocnemius

True

Core stability is important for hockey players in order to initiate changes in direction, prevent injury (particularly to adductors), as well as contribute to shooting power.

True

False