AP PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2: Cognitive Psychology Set I

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Memory

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23 Terms

1

Memory

the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

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2

Parallel processing

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step by step processing of most computers and conscious problem-solving

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3

Sensory memory

the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

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4

Short term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

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5

Long term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

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6

Working memory

a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information, and of information retrieved from long term memory

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7

Explicit memory

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

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8

Effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

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9

Automatic processing

unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meanings

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10

Implicit memory

retention independent of conscious recollection

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11

Iconic memory

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

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12

Echoic memory

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, if attention elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

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13

Shallow processing

encoding on a basic level on the structure or appearance of words

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14

Deep processing

encoding semantically based on the meaning of words; tends to yield the best retention

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15

Recall

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

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16

Recognition

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned

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17

Priming

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations thus predisposing one’s perception memory or response

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18

Mood congruent memory

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good/bad mood

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19

Serial position effect

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

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20

Anterograde amnesia

an inability to form new memories

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21

Retrograde amnesia

an inability to retrieve information from one’s past

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22

Proactive interference

the disruptive effect of prior learning in the recall of new information

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23

Retroactive interference

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

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