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• Qualitative Research

• Quantitative Research

• Mixed Methods Research

TYPES OF RESEARCH

Qualitative Research

• focuses on words along with its construction, meanings, and interpretations.

• asks open-ended questions to

  extract meanings, perceptions,

  and interpretations.

• Interviews

• Focus group

• discussions

• Content analysis

Quali Data Collection

• Surveys

• Experiments

Quanti Data Collection

Quantitative Research

• testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables.

• use of statistics in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.

Mixed Methods Research

employs the elements of both qualitative and

quantitative research in terms of strategies and

methods.

Mixed Methods: Sequential

elaborates or expands the findings of one

method with another method.

Mixed Methods: Concurrent

Qualitative and quantitative methods and data are being used and collected at the same time.

Natural Inquiry

Qualitative research is a form of _____ because it focuses on studying its subject in a

natural setting.

Holistic Approach

focuses on the entirety of the system. It assumes that the whole system is better compared to the sum of its parts.

Personal Immersion of the Researcher

required to become part of the observed group in order to acquire more in-depth data for the research.

Objective

results of the research must not be affected by the perception or personal experiences of the researcher.

Empathic Neutrality

researcher must be keen in observing neutrality in compiling findings from the study.

Flexible Research Design

Researchers may continue to conduct research on new objectives or questions that emerged during the research process.

Qualitative Data

detailed documentation and description of certain events or phenomenon being observed.

Research

process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue ; systematic approach that involves data gathering, analyzing, and interpretation, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

• Pose a question

• Collect data to answer the question

• Present an answer to the question

three major steps:

SPECIFIC

Focused on a single topic; not too broad

MEASURABLE

Captures rich descriptions of experiences, behaviors, and thoughts

ATTAINABLE

can be accomplished at a given time

RESULTS-FOCUSED

yield results & answer questions

TIMELY

Must be relevant to current situations

ACCURACY

must be based on FACTS. Factual data must also be valid & verifiable.

OBJECTIVENESS

Researchers must be impartial, both to the treatment of respondents and data.

RELEVANCE

Research topic must be beneficial to the current situation of society.

CLARITY

Language use must be clear, concise and direct to the point.

SYSTEMATIC

Research is a process that follows a set of procedures

✓To foster independence

✓To work systematically / scientifically

✓To gain in-depth knowledge

✓To promote higher-order thinking skills

✓To enhance reading and writing skills

✓To familiarize with the tools and techniques of research

Purposes of Research

Research

• tool for building knowledge and efficient learning.

• vehicle to explore and better understand various issues.

• serves as an aid to business success and advertising.

• provides ways to verify truths and debunk myths.

ADVANTAGES quali

• provides a richer and deeper

  understanding of the phenomenon.

• Participants can provide deeper, more detailed, and specific answers to the questions.

ADVANTAGES quanti

• Findings are generalizable and reflective of the population due to the large number of participants.

• Use of statistical methods in the

  collection and analysis of data gives

  validity and reliability to the findings.

DISADVANTAGES quali

• Number of participants (sample size) is smaller compared to quantitative research

• Narrative findings from a small number of participants are not

  generalizable for the whole population.

DISADVANTAGES quanti

• Depth of the answers of the participants is limited due to the large sample size and the use of closed-ended questions.

• Data expressed as numbers may not always capture the complexities of the phenomenon under study.