Chemistry (Stiochemestry)

Stoichiometry

A section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data.

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

Reactants

The substances that react in a chemical reaction.

Products

The substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Mole Ratio

The ratio of the number of moles of reactants to products in a balanced chemical reaction.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, determining the amount of products formed.

Excess Reactant

The reactant that remains after a chemical reaction has gone to completion.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants according to stoichiometric calculations.

Percentage Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Standard Solution

A solution containing a known concentration of a solute, used for titration and standardization.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration, representing the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by the addition of solvent.

Concentration

The amount of solute in a given volume of solution, often expressed in mol/dm³.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid commonly used in chemical reactions, known for its reactivity with metals.

Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2)

The product formed when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Ammonia (NH3)

A compound formed from nitrogen and hydrogen, commonly used in fertilizers and cleaning products.

Copper(II) Oxide (CuO)

An inorganic compound used in various chemical reactions, notably as a precursor to copper.

Ethene (C2H4)

An unsaturated hydrocarbon, used as a building block in organic chemistry, notable in combustion reactions.