Business Leadership unit 3

Whats organizing

Its allocating resources and arranging the activities of individuals and groups to implement plans

Whats included in organizing

• Defining tasks

• Assigning personnel

• Supporting personnel with technology and other important resources

• Coordinating activities between people & groups

Why organize

• creates synergy

• Provides a division of labour

• Supports a commons purpose

What has Edward Jones done thats different than other legal firms

• Instead od developing larger offices with many employees it opened many smaller offices each staged with one investment representative and one office manager

Whats organizational design

This means choose and implementing structures that best arrange resources to serve the organizations mission and objectives

Whats the importance of having a good organizational design

Provide people with supporting structures needed for

• high job performance

• high job satisfaction

Whats an organizational structure

A system of tasks, r, and communication chanenels that link together the work of people

What should any organizational structure include

• Allocate tasks through a division of labour

• Provide coordination for the performance of tasks

Whats the chain of command

Its a vertical line that links all employees in the organizational chart

Whats the problem with the chain of command

• As companies grow, they tend to get taller which causes an increased distance between upper and lower management

• This structure is inefficient and causes

• Theres an increase in overhead costs

• Decrease in communication and access between top and lower levels

• Slow decision making

• Loss of contact with customer

Whats the span of control

The number of people reporting to one manager

What are factors that influence the span of control

• Similarity of tasks

• Complexity

• Competency of workers

• Physical proximity of workers

Whats the advantages and disadvantages of functional structure

Advantages:

• clear out responsibility

• work in area of expertise

• less demands on supervisions

Disadvantages:

• Decrease in accountability

• lack of coordination, communication, and problem solving

• Slow decision making

• Overspecialization

when to use a functional structure

• Stable environment and strategy

• Small, less complex organizations

what are the advantages and disadvantages of divisional structure

Advantages;

• More flexibility in responding to environmental changes

• Improved coordination

• Clear points of responsibility

• Expertise focused on specific customers, products and regions

Disadvantage

• Duplication of resources and efforts across divisions

• Increased costs

• Unhealthy rivalry between divisions

When to use a divisional structure

• Rapid, diversified growth

• Unstable environment

• Large variations between divisions

Whats the advantages and disadvantages of matrix structure

Advantage:

• People flexibility

• Consistent communication across departments

• Better customer service

• Improved decision making

Disadvantage

• Difficult to introduce

• Increased stress

• Inconsistent demands

• increased conflict

• Team meetings are time consuming

When to use a matrix structure

• Growth strategy in a complex and changing environment

• High information processing requirements

• Strong constraints on resources

Whats team structure

What Companies use permanent and temporary teams to solve problems, complete projects and accomplish day-to-day tasks

Whats cross functional teams

Comprised of members from different responsibilities or functions-creates

Whats project teams

team project manager and then other employees are individual team members

Whats the advantage and disadvantage s of team structure

Advantages:

• Improved morale due to cross functional interaction

• Increased quality and speed of decision making

• Increased enthusiasm for work

Disadvantage

• Conflicting loyalties among members

• Excessive time spent in meetings

• effective use of time depends on quality of interpersonal relations, group dynamics and team management

Whats the advantage and disadvantage of network structure

Advantages:

• Companies can operate with fewer full-time employees

• Can operate across great distances

• Decreased overhead costs

• Increased operating efficiency

Disadvantage

• Potential loss of control over outsourced activities

• Control and coordination problems from network complexities

• potential lack of loyalty from infrequently used contractors

Whats the advantages or disadvantages of boundaryless structure

Advantages:

• Abscesses of hierarchy

• Empowerment of team members

• Tech utilization

• Acceptances of impermanence

Disadvantages

• People can struggle with the absence of hierarchy

• Difficult to organize

• Constantly changing

Whats virtual organization

• A special form of boundary less structure

• A shifting network of strategic alliances that are engaged as needed

Whats delegation

Distributing and entrusting work to others

Whats empowerment

• giving people the authority to act and make decisions on their own

• The freedom to contribute ideas and do their jobs in the best possible way

• Increases job satisfaction and performance

Whats centralization

Major decisions made by top management

Whats decentralization

major decisions made at all levels of the organization

Whats mechanistic design

it’s like centralized decision making

• many rules and procedures

• Clear division of labour

• Narrow Span of control

Whats Organic designs

its like decentralized decision making

• Fewer rules and procedures

• open divisions of labour

• Wide spans of control

Whats culture

The characteristics and knowledge of a particular group people

Whats organizational culture

Its the collection of values, exceptions , and practices that guide and inform the actions & behavoirs of all employees

What are core values

• Board beliefs about what s important and valued for the company

• helps to build a company’s culture

• Influences management, decisions and all business functions

What does core culture define

the values and assumptions of an organization

What is core culture made of

intangible values and ethos that define the organization

what is ethos used for

the practices or values that distinguish one organization from another

What does observable culture refer too

its refers to the parts of the organizations culture that can be observed (external)

whats observable culture a reflection of

companies underlying values

whats example of observable culture

business policy, an important decision, or even product

Why does the culture matter

• Assumption and beliefs of employees drive behaviour

• Collective behaviour of employees determines results

• Results measure performance and indicate if strategic business objectives have been achieved

Why is organizaitional culture important

• iaffects all aspects of the business

• more likely to feel more comfortable

• manage better in difficult times

• attracting talent ad outperforming the competition

What are the results to when companies have a bad culture

• disengaged workers had 37% of higher absenteeism

• 49% more accidents

• 60% more errors and defects

• In organizations with low employee engagement scores experienced 18% lower productivity

• 16% lower profitability

• 65% lower share price overtime

What are characteristics of companies with strong organizational cultures employees

• Are performance oriented

• Emphasize teamwork

• Allow for risk taking

• Encourage innovation

• Make the well-being of people a priority of management

Whats qualities of excellent organizational culture

Alignment, Appreciation, Trust, Performance, Resilience, Teamwork, Integrity, Innovation

Deifne Alignment

The company’s objectives and its employees motivations are the same

Define appreciation

all team members frequently provide recognition and thanks for the contributions of others

Define trust

Team members can express themselves and rely on other to have their back when they try something new

Define performance

Employees motivate each other to excel

Define eesilence

employees respond to challenges and change with ease

Define teamwork

collaboration, communication, and respect between team members

Define integrity

Employees demonstrates honesty and transparency

Define innovation

develop creative products and solutions to problems,

What are characteristic of healthy organizations

• Appreciation for diversity

• Employee pride and enthusiasm

• Equal opportunity

• Strong communication

• Strong string leader

• Common sense of direction

• Competitive in industry

What are characteristics of weak culture

• poor decision making

• Low customer focus

• Flawed policies

• Lack of transparency

• High attention

• Less group work

Whats types of organizational culture

1. clan culture

2. Adhocracy culture

3. Market culture

4. Hierarchy culture

Whats clan culture

• They focus on mentorship and team work

• “We’re all in this together together”

Whats Adhocracy culture

• Focus on risk taking and innovation

• “risk it for the biscuit”

Whats Market culture

• Focus on competition and growth

• “We’re in it to win it”

Whats hierarchy culture

• Focus on structure and stability

• “get it done right”

How to influence oculture change

• cant be achieved through top-down mandate

• happen through a movement

• Start with actions

• Show people the change you want to see

Whats a team

a collection of people who interact to pursue a common goal

Whats teamwork

The process of people actively working together t accomplish common goals

What are advantages of teamwork

• Improved creativity

• Improved quality of decision making

• Greater commitments to tasks

• Higher motivation

• Better control and work discipline

What are disadvantages of teamwork

• Social loafing

• Personality conflict

• Disagreements

• Differences in work styles

• Communication and coordination problems

What are stages of team development

1. forming stage

2. Storming stage

3. Norming stages

4. Performing stage

5. Adjourning stage

Whats te forming stage of team development

• When members first enter the team

• members are concerned with

  • Getting acquainted

  • Establishing interpersonal relationships

  • Discovering what is considered acceptable

  • Learning how other perceive the task

Whats the storming stage in team development

• A period of high emotion

• Tension often emerges between members

• Sub-teams form around areas of agreement

• Attention begins to shift toward obstacles

Whats the norming stage of team development

• Members of the team become coordinated

• Members develop initial feelings of closeness

Whats the performing stage in team development

• Teams are more mature organized and well functioning

• Members are able to solve complex and interpersonal conflicts in creative ways

Whats the adjourning stage in team development

• Team members prepare to disconnect

• ideally, the team disbands with a feeling of accomplishment

What are factors that contribute to success or failure of teams

• shared norms

• Cohesiveness

• Diversity

Whats a norm

Its a behaviour expected of team members

what are examples of shared norms

1. performance - level of effort members are expected to contribute

2. Timelessness- how quickly members are expected to have tasks completed

3. Quality- Standard tear members works is expected to achieve

Whats cohesiveness

the degree to which members are attracted and motivated to remain part of a team

What are pros and cons to when team members are very similar

Pros:

Easier to manage

Cons

Don’t produce the best results

What are the pros and cons of culturally diverse teams

Pros

provide more perspective , and experiences

Cons

Have more difficulty learning how to work together

Often struggle more during early stages of group development

Whats formal groups

Officially recognized and supported by the organizations for specific purposes

What are some examples of formal groups

Departments, units, cross functional teams, divisions

Whats informal groups

Not recognized by the organizations

Whats examples of informal groups

Interest groups (workers who band together to pursue a commons case)

friendship group, support groups

Define committees

Bring people together, to work in a small team for a specific purpose task

What are trends in the use of organizational teams

Committees, Project team, Cross functional team, quality circle, virtual team

define quality circle

A group of workers who meet regularly to discuss and plan specific ways to improve work quality

Define virtual teams

A team of people who work together and solve problems through computer-mediated interactions

What are the three different roles within a group

1. Task roles

2. Maintenance role

3. Blocker roles

What are characteristics of a task roles

• Initiator

• Opinion seeker

• Information giver

• Opinion giver

• Elaborator

• Coordinator

• Evaluator critic

What are the charactsertics of a maintenance role

• encourager

• Harmonizer

• Compromiser

• Gatekeeper

• standard setter

• group observer

• Follower

What are characteristics of blocking role

• Aggressor

• Blocker

• Recognition seeker

• Self confession

• Dominator

• Help seeker

• Special interest pleader

What are the steps of the HR process

• HR planning

• Attracting employees

• Developing Employees

• Retaining employees

Whats included in the HR planning in the HR process

• Strategic HR planning

• Job design

Whats included in attracting employees in the HR process

• Recruiting

• Selecting

Whats included in developing employees in the HR process

• Orientation

• training& development

• Performance appraisal

Whats included in retaining employees in the HR process

• Compensation

• Maintenance

• Labour relations

What should you consider when it comes to job design

How the task that employees perform fits with the strategic plan of the the organization

Things included in job design

• Job simplification

• Job rotation

• Job enrichment

• Job Enlargement

Whats job simplification

• Standardizing work procedures (the basics)

• Narrow the responsibilities

Ex of job simplification

Cadbury line workers who inspect the eggs for any defects

Whats job enlargement

Increase the number of tasks that one worker will perform

Whats an example of job enlargement

Cadbury line worker also repairs the machinery they work on if it breaks down