Lesson 1 (Computer Graphics & Visual Computing)

Graphic Areas

Graphics

Computer Graphics

Graphics Area

Graphics

A visual representation that conveys meaningful information.

Computer Graphics

Images that is created in the computer by use of pixels.

Graphics Area

Part of an application to create and modify drawing objects.

Types of Computer Graphics

Raster Graphics

Vector Graphics

Raster Graphics

Bitmap Image - It uses Raster Graphics pixels to draw image. Therefore, it is called Bitmap to say it has a large number of pixels.

Vector Graphics

Uses a mathematical formula to draw a line, object, shape, and others.

Application of Computer Graphics

Education and Training

Used in Biology

Computer-Generated Maps

Architect

Presentation Graphics

Computer Arts

Entertainment

Visualization

Education Software

Printing Technology

Education and Training

Computer-generated model with physical, financial, and economical system is often used as an educational aid.

Example: Flight Simulator

Used in Biology

Computer Graphics provides advance features to display the picture of the molecules and gain structural insights.

Computer-Generated Maps

_______ helps the engineering to plan the structural layout.

Architect

Using interactive graphics, the architects can test more designing solutions to solve design problems.

Presentation Graphics

Allows to provide visual representation of relationships of multiple parameters.

Example: Bar Graph and Line Graph

Computer Arts

Used for televisions and advertising commercials.

Entertainment

Currently used for making motion pictures, music videos, and television shows.

Education Software

Development of educational computer-aided instructions was improved using computer graphics.

Printing Technology

Computer graphics are the main use for printing technology and textile design.

Graphics System

Input Devices --> Processor (--> Memory) --> Frame Buffer --> Output Devices

Input Devices

provides data to the system by sending the data to the processor.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Processor in graphic system often refers as the ____ that performs the calculation to determine what should be displayed on the screen.

Vertex Processing

Transforming the geometry of objects. (Scaling, Rotation, Translation)

Rasterization

Converting the geometric data into pixels.

Fragment Processing

This determines the color of each pixel, taking the lighting, texture, and other effects.

Memory

memory dedicated on graphics and it stores the texture, models, frame buffer contents (fully rendered images), and any other data (including performing its calculations).

Frame Buffer

dedicated to hold the complete rendered images. Then display to the Output devices.

Input Devices

Physical

Logical

Physical

devices are the tangible hardware components that user interacts with directly to provide an input.

Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Microphone, and others.

Logical

abstract representation within a software system to handle the provided data. This are not tangible, this are devices that manage and interpret data from physical devices.

Examples: Device Driver, Application Programming Interface, Virtual Keyboard, and others.

Output Devices

2D Output Devices can be either Vector Devices or Raster Devices.

Examples: CRT Display, LED Display, LCD Display, Printer, Plotter, Film Recorder, Speaker, etc.

Vector Devices

Devices that use line segments used with mathematical equations to draw a line or curve.

Raster Devices

Devices that uses grid of colored pixels to draw an image. Its resolution is measured by width x height (like 1920 x 1080, the common HD display resolution).

Example: LCD Monitor

Graphics Primitive

is a basic object that is essential for the creation and construction of complex images.

Graphics Primitives

Pixel

Line

Polygon

Display File

Frame Buffer

memory Buffer

Display Control

Display Processor

Line Generation

Graphics Software

Points

Polygons

Text Primitive

Windowing and Clipping

Viewport

Pixel

a single point of light on raster displays, is a fundamental graphics primitive despite its simple structure. CRT resolution is determined by the size of these individual dots.

Line

are fundamental graphics primitives used to construct various visual representations, including graphs, charts, drawings, and plans.

Polygon

is a closed planar figure (bounded by straight or curved lines, creating its shape), existing on a flat plane.

Display File

a collection of uncorrelated data, often in the form of arrays (like a histogram array or bivariate array). The data is filled event by event from a list data in order to create a display. Storing data in a display file format saves disk space compared to storing the original raw data.

Frame Buffer

component responsible for taking the digital image data and displaying it on a video screen. It's a video output device that reads data from a memory buffer.

Memory Buffer

this contains a complete set of data representing the image, pixel by pixel. The pixel contains color and intensity information.

frame buffer

essentially acts as the bridge between the computer's memory and the video display, allowing us to see the images generated by the computer.

Display Control

tools that allow a user to manipulate their view of an image displayed on a screen.

Display Processor

The ______ reads data from the frame buffer, converts it into pixel data (1s and 0s), and updates the monitor screen 30 times per second to maintain a steady picture.

Line Generation

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure used for calculations, data processing, and automated reasoning.

Graphics Software

is a program or set of programs that enables the manipulation of visual images on a computer system.

Examples: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Autodesk Maya, and Blender.

Points

are the most basic element in computer graphics, serving as fundamental building blocks for creating more complex shapes and objects.

Lines, curves, polygons, and other shapes are all constructed from collections of _____.

Polygons

are used extensively in computer graphics to create images that appear three-dimensional.

Text Primitive

Allows the user to insert text at any position in two or three-dimensional mathematical graphics. The text will be given in the graphic's base style.

Windowing and Clipping

refers to the process of not being able to see any object that is larger than the computer screen.

Viewport

is a rectangular viewing region within a display window. It defines the area on the screen where the image will be rendered.

Graphics Communications

This refers on the entire creative and production process of creating any kind of visual communication. This includes all the process, from initial concept of creation of the product up until the final production and distribution of the visual message.

Ranging from Billboards to more modern forms like t-shirts, catalogs, magazine, websites, and videos.

Major Application of Computer Graphics

Computer Art

Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD)

Education

Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD)

Visualization

Image Processing

Machine Drawing

Graphical User Interface

Computer Art

Creation of artistic words using computer graphics that have both fine art for aesthetic purposes and commercial art for advertising purposes.

This includes animation packages, paint packages, cartoon drawings, paintings, and logo design.

Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD)

It is a software that allows the designer to create drawings with minute details that produces more accurate and sharp drawings with better specifications.

Education

Computer graphics are valuable tools for teaching, it simplify the complex concepts and fundamentals, making them easier to understand and learn by the students. This may sparks the interest of students to the subject matter.

Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD)

In training, systems like simulators can be useful to offer effective training solution. This provides a quick understanding of concept by interactive learning experience.

Visualization

helps gaining insights of data and study the connection.

Image Processing

It is a method of processing existing images for either improving the aesthetic purpose or making it used in different application.

Machine Drawing

heavily relies on computer graphics to create various machine parts or even the entire machine. The precision and clarity it offers is unmatched and considered essential for ensuring exact specifications.

Graphical User Interface

With the help of computer graphics, creating an interface helps the user to navigate and use the website with an easy fashion.

Additional Application of Computer Graphics

Entertainment

Education

Image Processing

Medical Imaging

Graphical Interface

Entertainment

Achieving the creation of music, cartoon drawing and etc, with the help of computer graphics.

Education

Models used for teaching variety concepts and fundamentals is provided easily using computer graphics.

Image Processing

It allows modification and processing existing images to be used in various applications.

Medical Imaging

Generating body and brain scans is achieved by the help of computer graphics.

Graphical Interface

Creating easy to navigate and automated digital environment is achieved by the computer graphics.

Computer Graphics

its goal is to improve the visual quality and realism of rendered images.

Fundamental Techniques of Computer Graphics

Advance shading methods

Texture Mapping

Translucency

Atmospheric Effect

Advance shading methods

calculation of light interacts with surfaces.

Texture Mapping

applying patterns to surface.

Translucency

Simulation of light property to object.

Atmospheric Effect

Providing a more realistic environment.