Copy of jadey's study guide

Civil Service Exam

A test to determine eligibility for a scholar official position, initiated by Wendi in China.

Han Dynasty

Considered the most significant dynasty in Ancient China.

Grand Canal

Waterway constructed during Wendi's reign to link the Hungarian He and the Chiang Jiang.

Bureaucracy

A government system divided into departments, crucial to the Tang government.

Movable Type

Small block of metal or wood with a single character, introduced during the Song dynasty.

Confucianism

Belief system emphasizing education, morality, and proper conduct, based on Confucius' ideas.

Buddhism

Religion originating in India, focusing on attaining nirvana and following the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama.

Daoism (Taoism)

Belief system seeking harmony with nature and inner feelings, guided by Laozi's teachings.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer who sailed around Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, extending Chinese influence.

Hangul

Korean alphabet invented by King Sejong, consisting of 28 letters initially.

Koto

Instrument based on Chinese chin/Korean gayageum

Gagaku

Japanese court music

Fujiwara

Clan that had members marrying into the royal family

Aware

The way Japanese view beauty

Kanji

Chinese section of Japanese language

Hiragana

Traditional Japanese language

Katakana

Foreign language implemented in Japanese language

Regent

Members of the Fujiwara clan that exercised power in the name of the emperor

Courtier

People who took part in refined social life

Tenant farmer

People who paid rent in crops to farm the land

Provincial nobles

Controlled the provinces

Seppuku

Ritual suicide involving stabbing the belly and cutting out guts

Yasuke

African samurai

Bushido

The traditional code of the samurai (honor, discipline, bravery)

Denominations

Different religious groups of the same religion

Noh drama

Gestures, dance steps, slow dance (Shinto/Zen)

Rock gardens

Zen temples

Kabuki theater

Ballad singles, stories

Haiku

Poem 17 syllables, 5 lines

Eta

Outcasts

Ainu

Indigenous people

Population density

The number of people living per unit of area

Feudalism

Emerged as a way for leaders to maintain power and land, involving a hierarchical society with a king, landowners, church members, knights, and peasants (serfs).

Charlemagne

Son of Louis I, became emperor and dedicated himself to strengthening the church and promoting learning, although he forced conversion to Catholicism.

Knights

Provided military service in exchange for land, underwent training as pages, squires, and knights, abided by chivalry, and defended the Catholic Church.

Manor

Refers to the estate where peasants (serfs) lived and worked, forming the economic basis of feudalism, with limited freedom and self-sufficiency.

The Crusades

Series of religious wars, including the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Crusades, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land, leading to trade booms and cultural exchanges.

The Plague

Also known as the Black Death, a deadly disease that spread across Europe, causing significant population decline, labor shortages, and economic changes.

Humanism

Renaissance movement focusing on human potential and achievements, promoting classical learning, creativity, and exploration, challenging the authority of the Church.

Printing Press

Invention that revolutionized communication by mass-producing books, leading to increased literacy, spread of ideas, and the use of vernacular languages.

Magna Carta

Document that protected the rights of nobles and limited the power of the English king, marking the beginning of feudalism's decline and the rise of modern reforms.

Renaissance

Cultural revival in Europe characterized by advancements in art, writing, philosophy, science, and economics, emphasizing human potential and classical learning.

Renaissance

A period of cultural rebirth that began in Italy, characterized by a revival of art, literature, and learning, influenced by the center of the Roman Empire and central trade routes.

Patrons

Wealthy individuals or families like the Medici who supported artists, writers, and musicians during the Renaissance.

Machiavelli

The founder of modern political science who wrote "The Prince," emphasizing that a leader's job is to expand and grow the state, sometimes through trickery.

Social Classes

Hierarchical divisions in Renaissance society including patricians, the commercial class, laborers, and peasants, with limited social mobility.

Gender Roles

Distinctions between men and women in the Renaissance, where men were involved in family businesses and women were expected to focus on domestic activities.

Renaissance Art

Contrasting medieval paintings with Renaissance art, which featured more realism, depth, perspective, and techniques like linear perspective, chiaroscuro, and frescoes.

Famous Figures

Notable Renaissance personalities like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and others who made significant contributions to art, literature, and architecture.

Reformation

A movement led by Martin Luther against the Catholic Church's corruption, emphasizing justification by faith, which led to the establishment of Protestant denominations like Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and Anglicanism.