U.S HISTORY

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THE MAP QUESTIONS AT THE START OR ANYWHERE IN THE STUDY GUIDE ARE NOT ON THIS... STUDY THEM ON OTHER STUFF 😔😔😔😔

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99 Terms

1
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Why did Texas remain independent after the Texas War of Independence?

Texas as a slave state would upset the balance in the U.S.

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What is the Monroe Doctorine?

The U.S. would not interfere with European powers, colonies in the Western hemisphere, and Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization.

3
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How did the idea Manifest Destiny influence Westward Expansion?

It provided a moral and religious justification for westward movement, making it seem inevitable and righteous

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Why is the Mississippi River so important to the expansion of the U.S?

Key transportation route for trade.

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Why did the U.S want Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Oregon, Mexican Cession and the Gadsen Purchase?

US aimed to acquire territories for expansion and advantages.

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What is the Abolitionist Movement?

The abolitionist movement aimed to end slavery in the US through moral appeals, political pressure, and resistance, culminating in the 1865 13th Amendment.

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How did Fredrick Douglass, William Lloyd garrison, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown contribute to the elimination of enslavement in the U.S?

Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown significantly advanced the abolitionist movement in the U.S., advocating for freedom through oratory, writings, the Underground Railroad, and radical action.

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How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 intensify Sectional Conflict?

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 significantly intensified sectional conflict by expanding the reach of slavery into free states and sparking widespread resistance from abolitionists in the North.

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How did the Amistad Act lead to the ratification of the 13th Amendment (Ending Slavery)?\

It raised awareness and supported abolitionist movement's pressure.

10
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What were the economies of the North, South, and West based on?

- North: manufacturing and trade

- South: agriculture, mainly cotton

- West: agriculture, ranching, mining, logging

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How did the Dred Scott (Scott v. Stanford) case help spread the Abolitionist Movement?

The Dred Scott decision fueled abolitionism, highlighting slavery's injustice and deepening North-South divisions before the Civil War.

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Define “Abolitionist”.

Advocates for getting rid of things they don’t believe in.

13
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What is Popular Sovereignty?

The people have ultimate power and control over the government.

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Define “Secede”.

To formally withdraw from membership in a group or organization, like a country or federation.

15
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“That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord [1863], all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free…”

Who said and or wrote the above statement?

A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, in The Declaration of Sentiments.

B. Abraham Lincoln, in The Emancipation Proclamation.

C. Frederick Douglas in his third debate.

D. None of the above.

Abraham Lincoln in The Emancipation Proclamation.

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<p>Using the above map and your knowledge from the unit, “Scott’s Great Snake was the-?</p>

Using the above map and your knowledge from the unit, “Scott’s Great Snake was the-?

An early Union naval strategy to blockade Southern ports during the Civil War.

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Which of the following is NOT true of Jefferson Davis?

A. He was President of the Confederacy.

B. He was a Plantation Owner.

C. He served as a senator from Mississippi.
D. All of the above statements are true.

D. All of the above statements are true.

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Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy.

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Stonewall Jackson

Famous for his leadership at the Battle of Bull Run.

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Ulysses S. Grant

Leader of the Union Army.

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Robert E. Lee

Led the Army of Northern Virginia

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Which of the following individuals believed that secession was not permitted by the U.S Constitution?

A. Jefferson Davis

B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Harriet Beecher Stowe

D. Stonewall Jackson

B. Abraham Lincoln

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Abraham Lincoln once joked that the following person started the Civil War because of his/her writing?

A. Harriet Beecher Stowe

B. Ulysses S. Grant

C. Clara Barton

D. Frederick Douglass

A. Harriet Beecher Stowe

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Which of the following event happened first?

A. The Gettysburg Address

B. The Emancipation Proclamation

C. The Battle of Antietam
D. The Secession of South Carolina from the Union

D. The Secession of South Carolina from the Union

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Which of the following is TRUE about tariffs in the 19th century?

A. Southerners opposed tariffs because they believed tariffs would scare off foreign buyers of their goods and make the imported goods they needed more expensive

B. Northerners opposed tariffs because of the economy of the North was dependent on other parts of the country for most of its agricultural needs.

C. People in both the North and the South approved of tariffs because foreign imports were already too expensive.

D. All of the above statements are true.

A. Southerners opposed tariffs because they believed tariffs would scare off foreign buyers of their goods and make the imported goods they needed more expensive

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Which of the following is TRUE about the differences between the North and the South prior to the Civil War?

A. The North was more urban and industrialized.

B. The people of the South needed more infrastructure, such as roads, canals, and railways.

C. Southerners were strong supports of states’ rights.

D. All of the above statements are true

D. All of the above statements are true

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Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the North during the Civil War?

A. Most of the battles were fought in Northern territory.

B. It had a huge disadvantage in weapons and supplies.
C. It had more railroads and were therefore able to get troops to the front quickly.

D. It had a larger population and therefore more men available for military service.

A. Most of the battles were fought in Northern territory.

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What happened at Fort Sumter and why is it historically significant?

The Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, initiated the American Civil War, with Confederate forces forcing the Union's surrender after 34 hours of fighting.

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Antietam Battle

Bloodiest single day in American History.

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Gettysburg Battle

Three-day battle that was a turning point in the war

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Shiloh Battle

A shocking defeat of the Union/North.

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Bull Run Battle

General Ulysses S. Grant invades Tennessee.

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Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A. It had little immediate effect on the lives of enslaved people.

B. With it, President Lincoln “freed” all of the slaves in the rebelling Southern states.

C. It gave the Union a moral purpose for fighting victory.

D. It made a foreign countries less likely to send aid to the south.

E. All of the above statements are true.

A. It had little immediate effect on the lives of enslaved people.

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The Battle of Gettysburg was--

A. Fought in Southern territory.

B. Won by the North.

C. Caused by General Robert E. Lee invading Massachusetts in 1863.

D. The first battle of the Civil War.

B. Won by the North.

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In which speech did President Lincoln state that the Civil War was necessary to preserve the Union and that America was one nation, not a collection of individual states?

A. The Emancipation Proclamation

B. The Dedication of Bull Run

C. The Gettysburg Address

D. His Third Inaugural Address

C. The Gettysburg Address

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What was the importance of the Appomattox Courthouse?

A. It is where General Lee surrendered to General Grant, ending the Civil War.

j. It is where General Lee accepted the position of general.

k. It was the Union headquarters during the Battle of Gettysburg.

l. It was the location of the first-ever military field hospital in the Union, started by Clara Barton.

A. It is where General Lee surrendered to General Grant, ending the Civil War.

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“Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons held to service or labor within the District of Columbia by reason of African descent are hereby discharged and freed of and from all claim to such service or labor; and from and after the passage of this act neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for crime, whereof the party shall be duly convicted, shall hereafter exist in said District…”

What was the result of the above resolution from the United States Congress?

A. Irish and Scottish indentured servants in the North were freed.

B. Enslaved people of African heritage were freed in the District of Columbia.

C. Workers in factories in the District of Columbia were paid more.

D. None of the above.

B. Enslaved people of African heritage were freed in the District of Columbia.

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“The islands from Charleston, south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers for thirty

miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. Johns river, Florida, are

reserved and set apart for the settlement of the negroes now made free by the acts of

war and the proclamation of the President of the United States.

At Beaufort, Hilton Head, Savannah, Fernandina, St. Augustine and Jacksonville, the

blacks may remain in their chosen or accustomed vocations–but on the islands, and in the

settlements hereafter to be established, no white person whatever, unless military

officers and soldiers detailed for duty, will be permitted to reside.”

The above excerpt describes a future for the freed Black people of the South that is MOST similar to--

A. Scottish immigrant neighborhoods in Philadelphia.

B. French-Canadian fur trading outposts in Vermont.

C. Reservations created for indigenous peoples in the West.

D. Chinese immigrant mining camps in California.

C. Reservations created for indigenous peoples in the West.

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“President Lincoln is a savage and a fiend! The very ignorance which drives him to his

own destruction stimulates him to the darkest excesses. What comes next will be like

the Nat Turner massacre in 1831…The hellish new [program] will, necessarily, destroy

all terms between us. The next campaign will be a tremendous one, both for the

character and magnitude of the hostility.”

Using your knowledge from the unit, identify which city below was MOST LIKELY to have a newspaper that

published the above article in response to President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.

A. Boston, Massachusetts

B. San Francisco, California

C. Burlington, Vermont

D. Richmond, Virginia

D. Richmond, Virginia

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“Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes [God’s] aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered.” -President Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address

In the above excerpt, President Lincoln was talking about the--

A. Free Black movement to return to Africa and establish the independent country of Liberia.

B. Fact that the Civil War was a fight between neighbors, brothers, sisters, and fellow Americans.

C. Need to convert all freed Blacks to Christianity because that was God’s plan.

D. Reasons he selected Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union army.

B. Fact that the Civil War was a fight between neighbors, brothers, sisters, and fellow Americans.

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Vertical integration, a business strategy used by steel mogul Andrew Carnegie, involves-

A. Buying out raw material producers and distributors.

B. Merging with companies producing similar products.

C. Forming trusts.

D. Using new methods to increase production

A. Buying out raw material producers and distributors.

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What kind of people worked on building the railroads?

A. Pioneers.

B. Immigrants.

C. Homesteaders.

D. Native Americans

B. Immigrants

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What was the original purpose of tenements?

A. to alleviate slum conditions

B. to integrate lower-class neighborhoods

C. to provide inner-city housing for wealthy families

D. to provide single-family homes for working-class families

D. to provide single-family homes for working-class families

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Skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of

A. sewing machine and light bulb

B. assembly line and barbed wire

C. Bessemer process and elevator

D. railroads and printing press

C. Bessemer process and elevator

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<p>What is the setting of this cartoon?</p><p></p><p>A. The boardroom of a large corporation </p><p>B. The United States Senate</p><p> C. A railway station in a major city </p><p>D. A theater with a sold-out show</p>

What is the setting of this cartoon?

A. The boardroom of a large corporation

B. The United States Senate

C. A railway station in a major city

D. A theater with a sold-out show

B. The United States Senate

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All of the following are characteristics of capitalism except:

A. Competition between businesses

B. Free market trade

C. Private ownership of businesses

D. Government control of the economy

D. Government control of the economy

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Which word describes the kind of economic system found in the United States?

A. Communism

B. Monarchy

C. Capitalism

D. Republic

C. Capitalism

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Which of the following statements about the “Gilded Age” is true?

A. The middle class ran society

B. There was a major difference between the rich and the poor

C. Immigrants lived in luxury

D. Many people shared in the wealth resulting from the growth of big business

B. There was a major difference between the rich and the poor

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What is the meaning of the term “Gilded Age?”

A. Many craftsmen’s “gilds” were established in the US, similar to those in the Middle Ages.

B. Mark Twain used this term to describe the time period in American history when many social

problems masked by a thin layer of gold that made things look better than they actually were.

C. A “gild” is a form of government similar to a democracy, and Mark Twain was making a

comparison between the two.

D. None of the above.

B. Mark Twain used this term to describe the time period in American history when many social

problems masked by a thin layer of gold that made things look better than they actually were.

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What does “Melting Pot” mean and how is it related to the Gilded Age?

A. The blending together of cultures in America due to high immigration numbers in the late 19th century.

B. A term once used for New York City because the “heat” of so much political chaos in the late 19th century made people feel like the city government was “melting.”

C. The summer of 1886 when major heatwaves swept the East Coast and the West.

D. The fall of 1890 when severe wildfires swept across the South burning crops and “melting” the agricultural economy.

A. The blending together of cultures in America due to high immigration numbers in the late 19th century.

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What is Nativism?

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

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During the Gilded Age, Ellis Island was—

A. A detention center for immigrants from Asia who were denied entry into the U.S. due to their race.

B. A processing center for incoming European immigrants arriving in New York.

C. The main port of entry for white immigrants from South America.

D. Not a real island, rather a description of an Irish immigrant neighborhood in New York.

B. A processing center for incoming European immigrants arriving in New York.

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Pick the example of Vertical Integration

A. A supermarket chain buying up cattle ranches, railway cattle yards, beef slaughterhouses, and butcher’s shops.

B. A big department store chain buying cotton plantations, textile mills, and garment factories.

A. A supermarket chain buying up cattle ranches, railway cattle yards, beef slaughterhouses, and butcher’s shops.

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Pick the example of Horizontal Integration

A. A big department store chain buying cotton plantations, textile mills, and garment factories.

B. A big oil company in Pennsylvania buying up all the other oil companies in the Northeast.

B. A big oil company in Pennsylvania buying up all the other oil companies in the Northeast.

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What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

The first significant restriction on immigration to the United States, specifically targeting Chinese immigrants.

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<p>In this political cartoon from 1904, the octopus represents the Standard Oil corporation. Why was an octopus a</p><p>good symbol of that company?</p><p>A. Most of their oil wells were in the Gulf of Mexico, so a sea creature represented their</p><p>geographical location.</p><p>B. Octopuses are gentle creatures, much like Standard Oil’s business practices.</p><p>C. The octopus has always been the traditional symbol of the oil industry.</p><p>D. An octopus has many arms that can grab lots of things all at once and Standard Oil had its</p><p>“hands” controlling political figures in Washington, D.C. as well as other oil companies.</p><p></p>

In this political cartoon from 1904, the octopus represents the Standard Oil corporation. Why was an octopus a

good symbol of that company?

A. Most of their oil wells were in the Gulf of Mexico, so a sea creature represented their

geographical location.

B. Octopuses are gentle creatures, much like Standard Oil’s business practices.

C. The octopus has always been the traditional symbol of the oil industry.

D. An octopus has many arms that can grab lots of things all at once and Standard Oil had its

“hands” controlling political figures in Washington, D.C. as well as other oil companies.

D. An octopus has many arms that can grab lots of things all at once and Standard Oil had its

“hands” controlling political figures in Washington, D.C. as well as other oil companies.

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What is Urbanization?

The process of making an area more urban.

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John D. Rockefeller was most closely associated with—

A. Standard Oil

B. The Union-Pacific Railroad

C. U.S. Steel

D. General Electric

A. Standard Oil

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The New Colossus

...Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand a mighty woman with a torch, ...and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand With silent lips [she cries]. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-[tossed] to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

Emma Lazarus

November 2, 1883

Emma Lazarus’ famous poem is describing—

A. Sacagawea’s role in making the Lewis and Clark Expedition a success.

B. The Statue of Liberty welcoming immigrants to the United States.

C. Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s influence on the women’s rights movement.

D. Harriet Beecher Stowe speaking to crowds of free Black women in New York.

B. The Statue of Liberty welcoming immigrants to the United States.

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Which of the following is NOT true of Alexander Graham Bell?

A. He founded General Electric in 1885 to sell his new invention, the incandescent lightbulb.

B. He created the first practical telephone.

C. He founded AT&T.

D. He was born in Scotland.

A. He founded General Electric in 1885 to sell his new invention, the incandescent lightbulb.

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August 1, 1879

We the people of the 2nd Congressional District, North Carolina, have a Strong Desire to Emigrate to Kansas Land Where we can Have a Home. Reason and why:

1. We have not our rights in law.

2. The old former masters do not allow us anything for our labor.

3. We have not our Right in the Election. We are defrauded by our former masters.

4. We have not no [right] to make an honest and humble living.

5. There is no use for the Colored to go to law after their Rights; not one out of 50 gets his Rights.

6. The Ku [Klux Klan] Reigns.

7. We Want to Get to a land Where we can Vote and it not be a Crime to the Colored Voters.

8. Wages is very low

The above document was written by—

A. Irish immigrants facing discrimination in North Carolina.

B. Southern plantation owners in Kansas.

C. Exodusters seeking to leave North Carolina for Kansas.

D. Cherokee chief Robert Blackhawk on behalf of the people of his nation.

C. Exodusters seeking to leave North Carolina for Kansas.

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Which of the following is NOT true of the Homestead Act?

A. Women were allowed to participate and received ownership of land.

B. It gave settlers up to 160 acres of land in the West.

C. It required settlers to improve their land and live on it for five years.

D. It was signed into law by President Lincoln.

A. Women were allowed to participate and received ownership of land.

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Many male Chinese immigrants came to the United States to work on/at—

A. The railroad.

B. The Hoover Dam.

C. Fruit and vegetable farms in California.

D. Silver mines in Colorado.

A. The railroad.

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“This Iron Horse threatens our existence!”

- Attributed to the Blackfoot indigenous group of the

What was the “Iron Horse?”

A. Steamships traveling north and south on the Mississippi River.

B. The Transcontinental Railroad.

C. U.S. Navy vessels, built of iron, patrolling the Great Salt Lake.

D. The automobile, which was invented in 1849.

B. The Transcontinental Railroad.

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Promontory Point was--

A. The site of a massacre committed on a group of Arapahoe by the U.S. Army in Colorado.

B. Later renamed Las Vegas and became the largest city in silver-rich Nevada.

C. The place where the eastern and western parts of the Transcontinental Railroad met, linking both

coasts of the United States for the first time.

D. The site of the assassination of President Rutherford B. Hayes

C. The place where the eastern and western parts of the Transcontinental Railroad met, linking both

coasts of the United States for the first time.

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A good example of a monopoly is—

A. Ford Motor Company branching out into the production and sale of home appliances such as

refrigerators.

B. Standard Oil as the only source of oil for 94% of the U.S. population.

C. General Electric only hiring white male workers of English ancestry.

D. The Bank of the United States only lending money to men in the Northeast

B. Standard Oil as the only source of oil for 94% of the U.S. population.

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The U.S. government had laissez-faire policies towards businesses during the Gilded Age. This meant—

A. Companies were held accountable to the government in regard to employee safety and wages.

B. A business owner could move his company to France and pay no U.S. taxes.

C. There were few government regulations on industry.

D. Businesses were required to hire a specific number of women and minorities.

C. There were few government regulations on industry.

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Which of the following was NOT true of most Robber Barons during the Gilded Age?

A. They squashed all competition.

B. They paid very low wages.

C. They exploited their workers.

D. They used their influence to manipulate government policies in a direction that was good for

their companies.

E. All of the above statements are true

E. All of the above statements are true

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Andrew Carnegie was different from other wealthy business owners because he—

A. Inherited his entire fortune from his father, including 14 oil companies.

B. Gave away millions of dollars to the poor, schools, and other social programs.

C. Was the only person to have a monopoly on oil, steel, and the cotton industry at the same time.

D. Was a communist.

B. Gave away millions of dollars to the poor, schools, and other social programs.

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Cornelius Vanderbilt was best known for—

A. His mansion on Long Island known as the Biltmore.

B. Controlling shipping and railroads.

C. Inventing the rotary telephone.

D. Donating large amounts of money to the women’s suffrage movement.

B. Controlling shipping and railroads.

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Which of the following is NOT true of J.P. Morgan?

A. He sold U.S. Steel and used the money to back a revolution in Haiti.

B. He bailed out the U.S. government.

C. He created General Electric.

D. He bought Carnegie Steel.

A. He sold U.S. Steel and used the money to back a revolution in Haiti.

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<p>The photograph MOST LIKELY shows—</p><p>A. Urban tenements.</p><p>B. Rural life for immigrants.</p><p>C. The typical lifestyle of Robber Barons.</p><p>D. None of the above.</p>

The photograph MOST LIKELY shows—

A. Urban tenements.

B. Rural life for immigrants.

C. The typical lifestyle of Robber Barons.

D. None of the above.

A. Urban tenements.

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Lusitania

The British liner that was sunk by a German U-boat.

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Militarism

This long-term cause of the war involved the development of the armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy.

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Nationalism

Extreme pride in your country.

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Imperialism

Closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies.

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Trench Warfare

A type of combat where opposing sides fight from dug-out trenches

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Central Powers

In 1914, this alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

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Allied Powers

In 1914, this alliance consisted of France, Great Britain, and Russia.

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"No man's land"

The area of territory between the opposing trench lines of the warring armies.

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Woodrow Wilson

He's known for leading the country through World War I and pushing for domestic reforms like the Federal Reserve Act and antitrust legislation.

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Zimmermann Note

This contained a suggestion of an alliance between Mexico and Germany that deeply angered the

American people.

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assignation sparked WW1.

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Many Americans wanted to join WWI after the ______ was sunk by a German u-boat.

A. Lusitania

B. Zimmerman

C. Titanic

D. Carnival

A. Lusitania

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Which of the following was not a cause of World War I?

A. American isolationism

B. imperialist competition

C. the stockpiling of weapons

D. European nationalism

A. American Isolationism

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Which of the following was a result of the Selective Service Act?

A. African Americans could not become Army officers.

B. Women could not work in factories.

C. Troops were segregated by race.

D. Men were required to register for the draft.

D. Men were required to register for the draft.

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In 1917, Germany attempted to get _____ to attack the southern United States.

A. Canada

B. Italy

C. Mexico

D. Spain

C. Mexico

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Who rejected Wilson's "Fourteen Points" peace plan?

A. Allied leaders

B. The Germans

C. The U.S. Senate

D. The League of Nations

A. Allied leaders

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What reason did Senators give for opposing U.S. membership in the League of Nations?

A. It would lead to international instability.

B. It would drain American finances.

C. It would interfere with free-trade agreements.

D. It would drag the United States into European conflicts.

D. It would drag the United States into European conflicts.

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The Espionage and Sedition Acts affected freedom of speech because they

A. Forced restaurant owners to offer "liberty sandwiches" rather than “hamburgers."

B. Allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority.

C. Forced all Americans to be drafted.

D. Promoted a free exchange of ideas.

B. Allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority.

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Which weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in World War I?

A. Battlefront trenches

B. Airplanes and tanks

C. Hydrogen bombs

D. Pistols and bayonets

B. Airplanes and tanks

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WWI became the deadliest war in history up to that point due to:

A. Outbreak of deadly diseases (Spanish Flu)

B. Massive Famines

C. Trench Warfare

D. New types of weapons

A. Outbreak of deadly diseases (Spanish Flu)

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The policy that kept the United States out of the war for three years was called

A. Nationalism.

B. The alliance system.

C. Neutrality.

D. The convoy system.

C. Neutrality.

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Germany was punished for WWI in all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Had to pay reparations

B. Had to disarm a majority of their military

C. German leader Kaiser Wilhelm was executed

D. Had to give up land

C. German leader Kaiser Wilhelm was executed

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Which country was not allowed to participate in peace talks at the Treaty of Versailles?

A. United States

B. Italy

C. Russia

D. Germany

D. Germany

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“The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the

nations now at war. It is natural and inevitable that some will wish one nation, others another, to

succeed in the momentous struggle. Such divisions among us would be fatal to our peace of

mind and might seriously stand in the way of our duty as the one great nation at peace, the

one nation ready to play a part of mediator* (helps different sides reach agreement) and

counselor of peace.”

President Wilson is calling for?

A. Imperialism

B. Neutrality

C. Declaration of war on Germany

D. Isolationism

B. Neutrality

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The man who promised a “New Deal” for America was

A. FDR

B. Eisenhower

C. Hoover

D. Truman

A. FDR

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After the Stock Market Crash in October 1929, there was

A. A decrease in demand for consumer goods

B. An increase in loans for building and factories

C. A decrease in business failures

D. An increase in industrial production

A. A decrease in demand for consumer goods

99
New cards

All of following were a long-term causes of the Great Depression except

A. Overproduction in farming

B. Decline of industries like steel and oil

C. Decrease in farm prices

D. The Stock market crash

D. The Stock market crash