Chapter 12 - Gordon Allport

More than any other personality theorist, Gordon Allport emphasized the _____ of the individual.

Uniqueness

According to Gordon Allport, the _____ _____ gather data on groups of people.

Nomothetic methods

According to Gordon Allport, the _____ _____ gather data on individuals.

Morphogenic methods

Gordon Allport believed that most _____ are automatic repetitions, usually self-defeating, and motivated by unconscious tendencies.

Compulsive behaviors

Gordon Allport was forced to find his own way in the humanistic pastures of psychology which led to a study of the _____.

Psychologically mature personality

Gordon Allport referred to __________ __________ as the study of the individual.

Morphogenic science

Gordon Allport believed that _____ provide the means by which people within a given culture can be compared to one another.

Common traits

According to Gordon Allport, a characteristic of personality is that it is _____.

Organized and patterned

According to Gordon Allport, _____ are important for studies that make comparisons among people, whereas _____ are of even greater importance because they permit researchers to study a single individual.

Common traits and personal dispositions

Gordon Allport recognized the fact that some motivation is driven by _____.

Hidden impulses and sublimated drives

According to Gordon Allport, some people possess an eminent characteristic or ruling passion so outstanding that it dominates their lives, which he referred to as a(n) __________ ____________.

Cardinal disposition

According to Gordon Allport, _____ is not merely directed at reducing tensions but also at establishing new ones.

Proactive behavior

According to Gordon Allport, everyone has several _____, which include the 5 to 10 most outstanding characteristics around which a person's life focuses.

Central dispositions

Gordon Allport believed that all people have _____ that are not central to the personality yet occur with some regularity and are responsible for much of one's specific behaviors.

Secondary dispositions

According to Gordon Allport, ________ __________ are general characteristics held in common by many people.

Common traits

_________ __________ are strongly felt dispositions that receive their motivation from basic needs and drives.

Motivational dispositions

According to Gordon Allport, _____ can be defined as a generalized neuropsychic structure with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent and to guide consistent adaptive behavior.

Personal dispositions

Gordon Allport referred to _____ as personal dispositions that are less intensely experienced.

Stylistic dispositions

Gordon Allport believed that _____ are so obvious that they cannot be hidden and nearly every action in a person's life revolves around these dispositions.

Cardinal dispositions

_____ refers to those behaviors and characteristics that people regard as warm, central, and important in their lives.

Proprium

_____ are those that would be listed in an accurate letter of recommendation written by someone who knew the person quite well.

Central dispositions

The proprium includes a person's _____ as well as that part of the conscience that is personal and consistent with one's adult beliefs.

Values

True or false: According to Gordon Allport, a person's secondary dispositions are less intense than another person's central dispositions.

False

According to Gordon Allport, _____ are those that reduce a need.

Peripheral motives

According to Gordon Allport, _____ can be referred to as those dispositions which are much more strongly felt than others.

Motivational dispositions

Gordon Allport believed that the various learning theories are _____ because they see people as being motivated primarily by needs to reduce tension and to return to a state of equilibrium.

Reactive theories

Identify a characteristic of stylistic dispositions.

They guide action

Gordon Allport contended that an adequate theory of personality must allow for _____.

Proactive behavior

_____ represents a theory of changing rather than unchanging motives and is the capstone of Gordon Allport's ideas on motivation.

Functional autonomy

A requirement of an adequate theory of motivation according to Gordon Allport is that it _____.

Allows for motives of many types and gives dynamic force to planning and intention

According to Gordon Allport, _____ is found in animals as well as humans and is based on simple neurological principles.

Perseverative functional autonomy

A comprehensive theory must not only include an explanation of _____, but must also include those _____ that stress change and growth.

Reactive theories and proactive theories

According to Gordon Allport, __________ __________ __________ refers to those self-sustaining motives that are related to the proprium.

Propriate functional autonomy

___________ _________ holds that some, but not all, human motives are functionally independent from the original motive responsible for the behavior.

Functional autonomy

According to Gordon Allport, a present motive is _____ to the extent that it seeks new goals.

Functionally autonomous

According to Gordon Allport, an adequate theory of motivation will _____.

Allow for the concrete uniqueness of motives

According to Gordon Allport, _____ is not an explanation for all human motivation.

Functional autonomy

According to Gordon Allport, the more elementary of the two levels of functional autonomy is _____ functional autonomy.

Perseverative functional autonomy

___________ approach refers to that which is peculiar to a single case.

Ideographic approach

According to Gordon Allport, the master system of motivation that confers unity on personality is _____.

Propriate functional autonomy

When a motive is _____, it means that the behavior will continue even as the motivation for it changes.

Functionally autonomous

Gordon Allport contended that theories of motivation must consider the differences between _____ and _____.

Peripheral motives and propriate strivings

Gordon Allport believed that if members of majority and minority groups interacted more under optimal conditions, there would be less prejudice, a concept known as the _____.

Contact hypothesis

According to Gordon Allport, _____ is an example of a process that is not functionally autonomous.

An eye blink

An optimal condition prescribed by Gordon Allport for the contact hypothesis was that the groups should _____.

Support an authority figure, law, or custom

In order to understand the relationship between church attendance and prejudice, Gordon Allport and J. Michael Ross developed the _________ __________ __________ (ROS).

Religious Orientation Scale

Gordon Allport proposed that one of the most important components to reducing prejudice was _____.

Contact

Identify an optimal condition that was prescribed by Gordon Allport for the contact hypothesis.

Equal status between the two groups

As a _____, Gordon Allport's theory has moderate usefulness as it serves as a beacon to the teacher and therapist, suggesting that people should be treated as individuals.

Guide for the practitioner

Gordon Allport and J. Michael Ross assumed that people with a(n) _____ see religion as a means to an end.

Extrinsic orientation

Unlike extrinsic religiosity, intrinsic religiosity is ____________.

Positively related to well-being