Religion Racism Definitions

redlining

system that made it more difficult, if not impossible, for people of color to buy or refinance mortgages,allowing white people to flock to suburban areas with new housing developments, most of which had rules explicitly banning the selling of property to black families in the area

Fair Housing Act of 1968

rarely enforced, it sought to ensure that nobody is discriminated against in property transactions

Gentrification

wealthy populations refining poor areas, making those no longer affordable for people of color

Predatory lending

imposes abusive or unfair loan terms

Racial Zoning

a legal way for banks and real-estate agents to keep whites in white neighborhoods and blacks in black neighborhoods, it limited what and how much land people of color could obtain

Racial Steering

real estate brokers steer buyers away from certain areas based on race

property tax

the main source of autonomous revenue for most local jurisdictions, including school districts. The fairness of using property taxes as the primary means to finance local schools is questionable

FHA loans

a mortgage that is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and issued by an FHA-approved lender. FHA loans are designed for low-to-moderate-income borrowers; they require a lower minimum down payment and lower credit scores than many conventional loans, but have been traditionally denied to people of color

Environmental Justice

fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies

Toxic Waste

unwanted chemicals that are the result of manufacturing or industry and that are poisonous to living things

pollution

introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change

Climate Justice

term that acknowledges that climate change can have differing social, economic, public health, and other adverse impacts on underprivileged populations

Infant Mortality Rate

measures child survival and reflects the social, economic and environmental conditions in which children live, including their health care

Systemic Racism

 institutional, historical, cultural and interpersonal practices that put one social or ethnic group in a better position to succeed, and disadvantages other groups such that disparities develop between the groups over a period of time

Recidivism

a person's relapse into criminal behavior and subsequent return to prison, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime

Jim Crow Laws

collection of state and local statues that legalized racial segregation that lasted from the post-Civil War era until 1968

the 13th Amendment

abolished slavery in the United States

Mass Incarceration

comparatively and historically extreme concentration of imprisonment among young African American men living in neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage

Black Codes

restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished

Convict Leasing

a system created to provide cheap labor after slavery was abolished

Excessive Force

when government officials who are legally entitled to use force exceed the minimum amount necessary to diffuse an incident or to protect themselves or others from harm

Warrior Style Training

a fear-based approach to policing that prioritizes officer safety over community safety by conditioning trainees to view all encounters as inherently dangerous

Law and Order

Demands for a strict criminal justice system, especially in relation to violent and property crime, through stricter criminal penalties

Defund the Police

movement based on principles that seek to reallocate funds away from the police department to social services that address mental health, homelessness, and addiction

Racial Profiling

use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense

Slavery

the state of a person who is a chattel of another person

Black Tax

racial realities that perpetuate a cycle of inequality such as lower pay, a lower standard of education, and fewer opportunities to save for the future and reach financial goals such as buying a house and creating generational wealth

White nationalism

refers to groups that espouse white supremacist or white separatist ideologies, often focusing on the alleged inferiority of nonwhite persons

Historical Monument

a large structure built to remind people of an event in history or of a famous person which was, in some cases, responsible for preserving racism