Chapter 3 Chem Vocab

Extensive properties

Extensive properties

(exit) properties that dependent on the amount of substance of substance present

Intensive properties

(internal property) properties that are independent of the amount of substance present

Solids

It has definite shape & volume, particles tightly packed together, expands when heated, & incompressible

Liquids

It has fluid in shape, does not have a defined shape, expands when heated, & incompressible

Gases

Particles can move freely in all directions, does not have a defined shape, particles are far apart, & easily compressed

Vapor

Substance is a solid or liquid at room temperature & becomes a gas

Reactant

Starting substances & found on the left hand side of a chemical equation

Product

Substances formed & found on the right hand side of a chemical equation

Physical property

Can be observed or viewed without changing the sample’s composition

Physical change

Alter a substance without changing the composition

Mixture

Combination of 2 or more substances in which each pure substance retains its individual identities. Do not have fixed proportions & can be created or separated by physical means

Phase

A physically distinctive form of matter such as solid, liquid, or gas

Heterogeneous mixture

Can be created or separated by physical means

Homogeneous mixture

Same throughout

Chemical reaction

1 or more substances, the reactants, are converted to 1 or more different substances, the products

Chemical property

How a substance interacts with another substance (ability or inability)

Filtration

Separates heterogeneous solid-liquid mixtures

Crystallization

The process of formation of solid crystals from solution, melt or by deposition directly from a gas place

Element

Substance that cannot be sepreated into simpler substances

Compound

2 or more different elements chemically combined, has properties different than its components, & can only be separated by chemical means (electricity & heat)

Chemical change

Process in which a substance is changed into 1 or more new substances

Law of conservation of mass

Mass is neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass of the reactants= mass of the products

Chemical reaction signs

Bubbling (gas production), color change, precipitate forms (solid formation), energy change (temperature change), & odor

Chromatography

Separates homogeneous liquid-liquid mixtures based on differences in solubility & attraction tendency to travel across the surface of another material

Distillation

Separates homogeneous liquid-liquid mixtures & using differences in boiling points