A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in WWI
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Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Italy
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Empire
an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
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Military Alliance
international agreement concerning the national security of the contracted parties
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The Shot Heard Round the World
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot by 18-year-old Gavrillo Princip. The trigger action of WWI.
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The British Empire
England + its colonies (Ireland, N. America, Asia, Africa, Caribbean)
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Austro-Hungarian Empire
Empire in which a dual monarchy was set up in order to bring compromise to a series of different ethnicities.
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Ottoman Empire
A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300s to 1922.
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Russian Empire
An Empire that stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean ruled by the Romanovs until 1907
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monarchy
authority in one royal person
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republic
authority in the people
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Western Front
Most fighting was done here. A line of trenches divided the Allied forces from the central powers between France and Germany.
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Military Campaign
Large scale, significant strategy, plans, operations or battles during a war
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Military front
a region, narrow band of land where armies fight.
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Eastern Front
Longest front in WWI and saw some of the heaviest casualties. The primary battleground where Allied Russians fought central powers.
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Naval Warfare
battles at sea
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The British Naval Blockade of WWI
british ships blocking ships from reaching german ports. Seen as an unfair tactic against the rules of war.
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The Rules of War
Rules set out for wars so that wars don't become out of hand or inhumane
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Germany's unrestricted U-boat campaign
German U-boats (submarines) destroyed allied ships, military and civilians.
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War Crimes
an action carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted international rules of war.
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Flag of Truce
flag consisting of a piece of white cloth that is hoisted as a sign of surrender
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Christmas truce
During World War I, on Christmas Day both sides stopped fighting and joined together peacefully for Christmas.
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Tsar Nicholas II
Last emperor of Russia. assassinated during WWI
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Bolsheviks
A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917
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Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
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Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Bolsheviks
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President Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States during WWI and kept the US neutral for the most part.
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armstice
An agreement to stop fighting
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Austrian Hungarian bombards Serbia - WWI beggins
July 28, 1914
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Trenches
Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire. built in a zigzag pattern
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Munitions
war materials, such as weapons
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Propaganda
Biased presentation of information in order to promote an idea.
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Patriotism
love of one's country
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Britain enters WWI
When Germany invaded France via Belgium
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African Colonies WWI
Allies invade German-controlled colonies and vice-versa.
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Schliffen plan
German plan for quick defeat of France through Belgium
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Odessa and Sevastopol
Russian ports in the Black Sea bombarded by the Ottoman Empire.
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HMS Dreadnought
Britain responded in 1906 by launching this, the most powerful warship in the world
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Caucasus mountains
A mountain system in southeastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea where the Russian invaded the Ottoman Empire
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Falkland Islands
A group of islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina where the Bristish sank German ships in 1914.
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Japan in WWI
Japan joined on the Allied side, with the guarantee of taking over German Pacific colonies.
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Italy in WWI
Part of Central Powers at the beginning later joined Allies because they promised them land from Austria-Hungary.
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Poland WWI
Was invaded by the Germans during the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian lakes
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The South Pacific islands of Samoa and New Zealand
Were German colonies that surrendered to Australian and New Zealand's allied troops.
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The Russian army during WWI
Was very large but poorly supplied and led by untrained soldiers.
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German army
Well equipped with trained soldiers and sophisticated military tactics.
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Battle of Tannenberg
This battle was a German victory against the Russian, the Russians were crushed as they sent uncoded messages and were easily defeated.
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U-boats
The Germany weapon that would eventually help bring the United States in WWI
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Heligoland Bight
First naval battle in WWI. The British sink 3 German cruisers.
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Plan XVII
French plan to invade Germany through Alsace-Lorraine
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