Picornaviridae

Fill in the blank: Picornaviruses have a __________ tail at the 3' end.

Poly(A) tail

What is the primary mode of transmission for Picornaviruses?

Oral-fecal transmission

Fill in the blank: The diameter of Picornaviruses ranges from __________ to __________ nm.

22 to 30 nm

Fill in the blank: The __________ are the four structural proteins found in Picornaviruses.

VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4

What disease associated with Picornaviruses was notably prominent in North America during the first half of the 20th century?

Poliomyelitis

What is the name of the first highly effective inactivated polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk?

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that early exposure to microorganisms helps build the immune system.

Hygiene hypothesis

How does Poliovirus translation differ from host mRNA translation?

Poliovirus translation does not require the 5' cap and uses the IRES instead.

Which two main types of polio vaccines were developed, and who created them?

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk and oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin.

What structural features are conserved in icosahedral viruses, including Picornaviruses?

β-barrel jelly roll topology.