PL5.3 POSTMORTEM

What forensic test assesses whether an infant has breathed?

Lung flotation test (unreliable)

What is maceration used to determine?

Viability of infants

What is the eruption age of the lower central incisor?

6–8 months

What is the eruption age of the upper central incisor?

7–9 months

What is the eruption age of the upper lateral incisor?

7–9 months

What is the eruption age of the lower lateral incisor?

10–12 months

What is the eruption age of the first molar (temporary)?

12–14 months

What is the eruption age of the canine (temporary)?

17–18 months

What is the eruption age of the second molar (temporary)?

20–30 months

What is the eruption age of the first molar (permanent)?

6–7 years

What is the eruption age of the central incisor (permanent)?

6–8 years

What is the eruption age of the lateral incisor (permanent)?

8–9 years

What is the eruption age of the first premolar?

9–11 years

What is the eruption age of the second premolar?

10–12 years

What is the eruption age of the canine (permanent)?

11–12 years

What is the eruption age of the second molar (permanent)?

12–14 years

What is the eruption age of the third molar (wisdom tooth)?

17–25 years

If crown-heel length is less than 25 cm, how is intrauterine age in months estimated?

Square root of length

If crown-heel length is more than 25 cm, how is intrauterine age in months estimated?

Length divided by 5

What indicates a child who survived birth or was recently born?

Changes in umbilical cord

At what age does a ring of inflammation appear on the umbilical cord?

24–48 hours

At what age does the umbilical cord begin drying?

4–6 days

At what age does the umbilical cord separate?

6–8 days

At what age is complete healing of the umbilical cord expected?

10–12 days

From birth to 25 years old, what physical features are used for age estimation?

Teeth and ossification of bones

What markers are useful in determining age after 25 years old?

Uncertain

What is the term for using finger or thumb impressions for identification?

Dactylography / Dermatoglyphics

What is the term for studying the pores of sweat glands in papillary ridges?

Poroscopy

What is the term for studying lip prints?

Cheiloscopy

What is the term for studying palatal rugae?

Rugoscopy

What kind of evidence is "face, dress, voice, and hair" in determining sex?

Presumptive evidence

What kind of sex evidence is based on muscular development and presence of genitalia?

Probable evidence

Which type of evidence includes Barr bodies, Davidson’s bodies, and Y chromosomes?

Positive evidence

Which chromosome is the most reliable for determining sex?

Y chromosome

Which test uses nuclear material to determine sex?

Nuclear sexing

What is the accuracy of determining sex using the entire skeleton?

100%

What is the accuracy of determining sex using pelvis and skull together?

98%

What is the accuracy of determining sex using only the pelvis?

95%

What is the accuracy of determining sex using only the skull?

90%

What is the accuracy of determining sex using long bones?

80%

What is the formula using upper limb length for estimating stature?

2 × (length of upper limb) + 30 + 4 cm

What is the formula using vertex to symphysis pubis for stature?

2 × (length from vertex to symphysis pubis)

What is the formula using symphysis pubis to heel for stature?

2 × (length from symphysis pubis to heel)

What is the formula using sternal notch to symphysis pubis for stature?

3.3 × (length from sternal notch to symphysis pubis)

What is the formula using height of head for stature?

7 × (height of head)

What is the formula using length of skull for stature?

8 × (length of skull)

What is the formula using forearm length for stature?

(19/5) × (length of forearm)

What type of identity includes race, age, sex, and stature?

General identity

What type of identity includes facial features, scars, tattoos, prints, and DNA?

Specific identity

What law governs all facts and acts concerning civil status from birth to death?

Act No. 3753 (Civil Registry Law)

What law mandates the PSA to enforce and administer civil registration functions?

Republic Act No. 10625 (Philippine Statistical Act)

What Presidential Decree regulates burial or cremation, requiring a Certificate of Death?

Presidential Decree No. 856 (Code on Sanitation of the Philippines)

What law makes civil registration a function of local government?

Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code)

What government official has technical supervision over city/municipal civil registrars?

Civil Registrar General (CRG)

As a general rule, where should civil events be registered?

In the city or municipality where the event occurred

Who must report a death occurring outside a hospital within 48 hours?

Nearest kin

Who certifies the death for ER deaths if the doctor cannot issue a death certificate?

Local Health Officer (LHO)

Who certifies death if it occurs during ambulance transport?

Physician on board during transport

How should the cause of death be annotated in mass deaths when bodies are not identified?

“Body not identified”

What document is required for burial or cremation of amputated body parts?

Certificate of Dismembered Body Part

Who is exempted from the requirement of COD before burial but must report death within 48 hours?

Muslims

In crime-related deaths, who is authorized to sign the medicolegal death certificate?

Head of PNP/NBI or their representative

What terms should be avoided as cause of death in elderly decedents?

Senility, old age, senescence, advanced age

What kind of terms should be used when the exact cause of death is uncertain?

Qualifying terms such as “probable” or “presumed”

What is the term for death of a product of conception prior to expulsion or extraction, regardless of pregnancy duration?

Fetal death

What indicates fetal death after separation from the mother?

No breathing or evidence of life (no heartbeat, cord pulsation, or voluntary movement)

If a fetus has less than 7 months intrauterine life and dies within 24 hours after delivery, what is it considered?

Not deemed born

What is the classification if a fetus lives more than 24 hours but was less than 7 months gestation?

Live birth

If a fetus is over 7 months gestation and lives less than 24 hours, what is it considered?

Live birth

If a fetus is over 7 months gestation and lives more than 24 hours, what is it considered?

Live birth