February Revolution of 1917

Which dynasty ruled Russia in 1917, and who was the Emperor?

The Romanov dynasty, headed by Tsar Nicholas II.

How did Nicholas II's education influence his view of autocracy?

He was tutored by Konstantin Pobedonostsev, who instilled the moral correctness of autocracy.

What was the Okhrana, and how did Nicholas II use it?

The Okhrana was the Tsarist secret police used to root out dissidents and crush political opposition.

What was the Progressive Bloc, and what was Nicholas II's response to it?

It was a group of over half the Fourth Duma deputies demanding a government of public confidence; Nicholas refused to contemplate this.

How many men did Russia mobilize for WWI between 1914 and 1917?

Russia mobilized around 12 million men, primarily conscripted peasants.

What were the primary logistical failures of the Russian army during WWI?

Soldiers lacked suitable weaponry, warm clothing, and medical attention.

When and why did Nicholas II take personal command of the army?

In September 1915, after defeats in Galicia, making him responsible for military disasters.

What was the state of the Russian economy and currency by 1917?

Money was virtually worthless, and the cost of living had risen by 300 percent.

Why did food supplies to urban centers collapse during the war?

Due to a shortage of workers, food hoarding by peasants, and an inadequate transport system.

What was the scale of industrial unrest in Petrograd by January 1917?

145,000 workers went on strike on the anniversary of Bloody Sunday.

How did the relationship between Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin affect the government?

Rasputin meddled in political appointments, leading to instability known as ministerial leapfrog.

When and why was Rasputin murdered?

He was murdered in December 1916 by Prince Yusupov to save the monarchy's reputation.

What specific news triggered the scuffles that led to the February Revolution?

News that bread would be rationed starting March 1 led to violent exchanges in the streets.

What was Zemgor, and why did it cause tension with the Tsar?

It was the All Russian Union of Zemstva and Cities, providing neglected services, which Nicholas shunned.