Abnormal Psychology Final

Which of the following is NOT one of the four D's that define abnormality?

difference

who decides the general criteria for defining abnormality?

society

Vic struggles with perioodic bouts of mania and during those times they drive back and forth to work at speeds over 95 miles an hours which of four D's best describes this behavior

danger

According to epidemiological studies, what proportion of the adult population in the United States experiences a psychological disorder during a given year?

30%

today ________ dominates the clinical field

no single perspective

which perspective holds that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes?

somatogenic perspective

Dr. Trunsky believes that Kelsey's problematic behavior is caused by distortions in her thinking. which perspective does Dr. Trunksy's thinking reflect

psychogenic perspective

about what % people with psychological disorders in the US receive treat during a year

43

when we search for nomothetic understanding we are attempting to

identify general cause processes and tx for abnormal functioning

people who take more steps during a day tend to wiegh less. number of steps taken and weight most likely have which type of correlation

negative correlation

A recently published study found that Chinese schoolchildren reported higher levels of depression the more "phubbing"* they experienced from their parents. Can we conclude that the parental phubbing caused these children to become depressed?

No, because correlation is not causation

A research study manipulated the number of Instagram posts that male and female participants received over a one-week period and found that both men and women who received a high number of posts reported more unhappiness than participants who received a low number of posts. What is the independent variable in this study?

number of instagram posts

Dr. Diaz wants to study whether cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following would be the most appropriate control group for Dr. Diaz to use in this investigation?

A group of depressed patients who receive cognitive-

behavioral therapy.

B. A group of anxious patients who enroll in the study but are

told that they have to wait before they can start treatment.

C. A group of anxious patients who come in for therapy sessions but

don’t receive any cognitive-behavioral interventions.

D. All are appropriate control groups.

A group of anxious patients who come in for therapy sessions but

don’t receive any cognitive-behavioral interventions

Which design examines the incidence and prevalence of a problem in a given population?

epidemioligcal study

What technique is used for reducing the effects of preexisting differences among research participants in an experiment?

random assignment

When an interviewer is unaware of whether the participant they are evaluating is in the experimental or control condition of a study, the study is said to be employing:

masked deisgn

Which of the following is not one of the major categories of psychotropic medications?

antipsychotics

B. anxiolytics

C. antidepressants

D. mood stabilizers

E. ACE inhibitors

. ACE inhibitors

Aaron yells at their roommate about being overly messy; Aaron, however, is even messier. Aaron is MOST likely exhibiting which of the following defense mechanisms?

projection

Paulo is upset with his partner, but rather than confronting his partner, Paulo punches a pillow. Which defense mechanism is Paulo employing?

displacement

During therapy, a patient is asked to describe any thought, image, or feeling that comes to mind. What technique is the therapist using?

free association

Learning based on behavioral consequences is known as:

operant conditioning

Lia's therapist is helping Lia realize that her negative thoughts are just thoughts. The therapist encourages Lia to stop judging these thoughts and just accept them. This approach is known as:

acceptance and commitment therapy

Which type of therapy uses role playing and self-discovery exercises?

gestalt therapy

Which model has the strongest research support?

family-social

B. multicultural

C. humanistic

D. cognitive-behavioral (Correct answer)

E. All of these have equally strong research support.

cognitive behavioral

Resistance, transference, and dreams are aspects of which type of model?

psychodynamic

The idea that individuals who have experienced similar developmental histories can have different clinical outcomes is known as:

multifinality

Tracey is given the MMPI three times, and the results are the same each time. This assessment has high:

test retest reliability

________ measures accuracy, whereas ________ measures consistency

. Validity; reliability (

They say that a broken clock is right two times a day. As a measurement tool, this broken clock is:

neither reliable nor valid

Venera has developed a new measure of depression. She finds that scores on this measure are correlated with another established test of depression. This indicates that Venera's test has:

concurrent validity

Which of the following is NOT a projective test?

Thematic Apperception Test

B. Rorschach inkblot test

C. MMPI

D. sentence-completion test

E. Draw-a-Person test

MMPI

Which of the following would be the BEST way to measure someone's personality? (

MMPI

When using observational data in an assessment process, reactivity refers to:

the client’s behavior changing because they are being observed.

Which of the following best describes the results of studies examining the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

The average psychotherapy client shows more improvement

than most people who don’t receive therapy. (

Mya is bothered by many different concerns. She worries about her job, her friendships, her safety, and her future. This worrying is causing her significant distress and interfering with her daily life. Mya's most likely diagnosis would be:

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Rates of GAD are higher among low-SES populations compared to

high-SES groups.

Which perspective has a focus on changing maladaptive assumptions in treating generalized anxiety disorders? (

cognitive-behavioral perspective

Heather is deathly afraid of being eaten by crocodiles, won't watch movies or TV shows with crocodiles in them, never visits the zoo, and is very happy to be living in North Dakota, far from any crocodiles. Would this qualify Heather as having a phobia?

no

Which of these is NOT a type of exposure treatment?

systematic desensitization

B. flooding

C. social skills training

D. modeling

social skills training

As part of his treatment for social anxiety, Amir constructs a list of situations that range from not that scary to very scary. Amir's therapist will help him learn to stay relaxed in these different situations, an approach known as:

systematic desenitization

Approximately ___ percent of the U.S. population will be impacted by panic disorder at some point in their lives

5

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in playing a role in panic disorder?

norepinephrine

________ is a disorder in which people pull out hair from their body (e.g., scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes).

Trichotillomania

Yesterday while waiting for the bus, Jay was overwhelmed with a sense of dread. His heart was racing, he had difficulty breathing, and he felt like he was going to die. This has been happening more frequently, and you suspect Jay has:

panic disorder

Which of the following disorders occurs equally among men and women?

. social anxiety disorder

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. agoraphobia

D. generalized anxiety disorder

E. panic disorder

OCD

Which of the following is responsible for returning the heartbeat back to normal after a stressful event?

parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is a stress hormone released by the adrenal gland?

cortisol

The DSM-5 specifies four symptom clusters that define PTSD. Which of the following is NOT one of those clusters

reexperiencing

B. avoidance

C. hyperarousal

D. All of these are characteristics of PTSD

All of these are characteristics of PTSD

Which of these is characteristic of PTSD but NOT of acute stress disorder?

symptoms persisting longer than a month

Sexual assault is one of the most common causes of PTSD. Current data indicate that 1 in ___ women are raped at some point in their lives.

5

Data indicate that in approximately _____ percent of rape cases, the perpetrator of the assault is either an acquaintance, a family member, or an intimate partner

75

Which of the following structures has NOT been implicated in the brain's stress circuit, which plays a role in the development of PTSD?

basal ganglia

Which of the following treatment interventions have NOT been found to be effective and may actually increase symptoms of PTSD?

psychological debreifing

C.J. was asked to memorize a list of words. They were in a good mood when they learned this word list. Based on the principles in cognitive-behavioral theory, under what conditions is C.J. MOST likely to recall that list of words?

when in a good mood

Dee disappeared from home 3 months ago. They were discovered living in another state, claiming to have a different name and with no memory of their previous life or family. You suspect that Dee is experiencing:

dissociative fugue

The final merging of two or more subpersonalities is known as:

fusion

Current research indicates that approximately _____ percent of U.S. adults will experience an episode of severe unipolar depression at some point in their lives

20

The typical age of onset for unipolar depression is:

late adolsecene

The majority of individuals with unipolar depression (about 85 percent) will recover within ___ months.

6

A depressive disorder that is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to reward and a pervasive loss of pleasure is categorized as:

melancholic

Which neurotransmitter has NOT been implicated as playing a role in unipolar depression?

AcH

The artifact theory states that:

women and men are equally prone to depression.

A therapy for depression in which the therapist systematically increases the number of constructive and pleasurable activities in a client's life is known as:

behavioral activation

Which recreational drug has recently gotten attention for providing immediate relief in cases of treatment-resistant depression?

ketamine

Which type of therapy is most effective in the long term in reducing most people’s depression?

cognitive behavioral therapy

What percentage of adults diagnosed with depression who receive cognitive-behavioral therapy show significant improvement in their symptoms?

50 to 60

Which drug works by blocking a vigorous neurotransmitter reuptake process and allowing serotonin and norepinephrine to stay in the synapses longer?

tricyclics

Treatment in which a pacemaker powers electrodes in the subgenual cingulate to stimulate the brain is known as

deep brain stimulation.

What is the primary difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder?

People with bipolar I have full manic and depressive

episodes

In what way is bipolar disorder different from unipolar depression?

There is no gender difference in bipolar disorder, while unipolar

depression is more common in women.

Which of the following has been found to be effective in treating bipolar disorder?

lithium

According to the most current data from the CDC, over ________ Americans ended their lives by suicide in the past year.

48,000

Suicide is the ________ leading cause of death in the United States.

10th

Luc was angry and depressed when they swallowed all their antidepressant medication. Luc called and left a message on their sister's phone, but she didn't hear it until after Luc was dead. How would Luc's suicide be classified?

death darer

Dev was recently killed in an accident. Dev had been biking at night on an unlit country road, wearing dark clothes, without a bike helmet or a bike light when they were hit by a truck. How would Shneidman classify Dev's death?

subintentional death

________ intend to end their lives because they believe that the process of death is already underway.

death initiator

Suicide rates are the highest among which population?

native americans

Approximately _____ of suicide attempters consume alcohol before they act

25

Which viewpoint would be MOST likely to say that suicide results from depression and from anger at others that has been redirected toward oneself?

psychodynamic view

According to a number of clinicians, what is the single best predictor of suicidal intent?

feelings of hopelessness

Which age group has the highest rate of suicide in the United States?

middle-aged adults between 45 and 64 years old

Low levels of which neurotransmitter have been implicated in suicidal behavior?

serotonin

Also known as Munchausen syndrome, this disorder involves intentionally faking an illness.

factitious disorder

The gain people derive when their somatic symptoms elicit kindness from others is known as:

secondary gain.

Shira has lost the ability to see. Extensive testing has been unable to find anything wrong neurologically or with Shira's eyes. Her doctor is starting to suspect that Shira might have:

conversion disorder

Ti has been to many doctors because of the pain he is experiencing in his joints. Ti is constantly worried and anxious about this pain and is convinced that this means his joints are deteriorating. While Ti's doctor has found some signs of arthritis, she believes Ti's pain is exaggerated and suspects: (

somatic symptom disorder

The idea that conversion and somatic symptom disorders might be the result of an excessive awareness of bodily sensations and discomfort is known as:

somatic vigilance

Multicultural theorists have criticized Western clinicians' theories of somatic symptom disorder. They have suggested that:

it is normal in other cultures to transform emotional distress into physical

symptoms. (

JJ does not report any pain or physical symptoms. However, JJ is convinced that they have a serious health problem and that they may be dying. JJ has been referred to a therapist who diagnoses JJ with: (

illness anxiety disorder

Specialized white blood cells such as T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells are known as:

lymphocytes

Which of these is NOT a psychophysiological disorder?

depression

Which of these is NOT an example of behavioral medicine?

taking an antidepressant

Dani is very competitive, ambitious, cynical, and hostile. Dani always has to win. According to Friedman and Rosenman, Dani's behavior reflects the _____ personality style

type a

Priyanka is highly restrictive of her calorie intake and exercises vigorously each day. Despite having a severely low body weight, Priyanka believes she is overweight and needs to continue losing weight. When Priyanka goes to a doctor, she is MOST likely to be diagnosed with:

anorexia

Mel has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. His body weight is 15 percent below its ideal weight. Mel will often tell his parents that he isn't hungry because he ate at school or work. Mel claims to have stopped on the way home at a fast-food place. He can even produce a receipt and the wrapping paper of the food he ate. When Mel does eat at home he just moves food around on the plate. Based on this description, Mel was most likely diagnosed with _____ type of anorexia nervosa.

restricting

Research indicates that approximately _____ percent of individuals who struggle with anorexia nervosa are male.

25`

Which of the following symptoms is NOT characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

lack of interest in food

Research indicates that approximately _____ percent of individuals who struggle with bulimia nervosa are female. (

75

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of bulimia nervosa but is NOT characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

concern about pleasing others

Which of the following is true about the prevalence rates of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge- eating disorder (BED)?

BED > BN > AN