Honors Physical Science Ch.5 Test

What is a chemical bond?

An electrostatic attraction between atoms when they share or transfer valence electrons.

Why do chemical bonds form?

Atoms form bonds to achieve greater stability than they have as individual atoms.

What is the octet rule?

The principle that states atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valence energy level.

What are the two primary ways atoms achieve stability according to the octet rule?

Atoms can either share electrons or lose/gain electrons to fill their valence shells.

What happens to properties when elements combine to form a compound?

The properties of compounds are typically different from the properties of the individual elements.

What is a covalent bond?

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetal atoms.

What is an ionic bond?

A chemical bond formed when one atom transfers valence electrons to another atom, usually between a metal and a nonmetal.

What is a metallic bond?

The attraction between metal atoms and their collectively shared valence electrons.

What is a diatomic molecule?

A molecule made of two atoms, which can be of the same or different elements.

What is polarity in a covalent bond?

Polarity refers to the unequal distribution of electric charge in a covalent bond due to differences in electronegativity.

How do you determine the formula unit in an ionic compound?

By finding the smallest whole-number ratio of ions that balance the total positive and negative charges.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A group of covalently bonded atoms that collectively gain or lose electrons to act as a single ion.

How is the naming of ionic compounds different from covalent compounds?

Ionic compounds are named with the metal first and the nonmetal second (with an 'ide' suffix), while covalent compounds use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms.

What is an oxidation state?

A positive or negative number indicating the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound.

How do you predict the formula for an ionic compound?

Identify the cation and anion, and determine their charges to find the correct ratio for balance.

What does the formula NaCl represent?

The formula for sodium chloride, indicating a 1:1 ratio of sodium ions to chloride ions.

Explain the difference between manganese (II) oxide and manganese (III) oxide.

The difference lies in the oxidation states of manganese; Mg(II) indicates +2, while Mg(III) indicates +3, affecting the chemical formula.

What are common prefixes used in naming covalent compounds?

Mon-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- represent one, two, three, four, five, and six atoms respectively.

How are electrons involved in covalent bonding?

Electrons are shared between atoms to fill their valence shells and create stability.