chap18

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64 Terms

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Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid

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aden/o

gland

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adrenal/o

adrenal glands

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andr/o

male

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calc/o, calici/o

calcium

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cortic/o

cortex, outer region

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crin/o

secrete

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dips/o

third

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estr/o

female

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gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

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gonad/o

sex glands (ovaries, testes)

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home/o

sameness

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hormon/o

hormone

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kal/i

potassium (an electrolyte)

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insulin/o

insulin

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lact/o

milk

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myx/o

mucus

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natr/o

sodium (an electrolyte)

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pancreat/o

pancreas

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parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

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phys/o

growing

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pituitar/o

pituitary gland or hypophysis

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somat/o

body

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ster/o

solid structure

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thyr/o

thyroid gland

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thyroid/o

thyroid gland

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toc/o

childbirth

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toxic/o

poison

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ur/o

urine

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-agon

assemble, gather together

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-emia

blood condition

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-in, -ine

a substance

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-tropin

stimulating the function of

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-uria

urine condition

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eu-

good, normal

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hyper-

excessive, above

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hypo-

deficient, below

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oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

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pan-

all

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tetra-

four

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tri-

three

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Hypersecretion

  • Pheochromocytom
  • Benign tumor of adrenal medulla
  • Excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headaches, sweating, flushing of the face, and muscle spasms
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Hypersecretion

  • Hyperinsulinism

Hypoglycemia, convulsions, fainting

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Hyposecretion

  • Diabetes mellitus:
  • Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

  • Type 1 : childhood onset, typically can occur in adulthood

  • Type 2 : adult onset, typically

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Neoplasms

Thyroid carcinoma

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Adrenal cortex hypersecretion conditions

  • Adrenal virilism
  • Cushing syndrome
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Adrenal cortex hyposecretion conditions

  • Addison disease
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Adrenal medulla hypersecretion conditions

  • Pheochromocytoma
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Pancreas hyposecretion conditions

  • Diabetes mellitus
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Pancreas hypersecretion conditions

  • Hyperinsulinism
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Parathyroid glands hypersecretion conditions

  • Hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, kidney stones)
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Parathyroid glands hyposecretion conditions

  • Hypoparathyroidism (tetany, hypocalcemia)
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Pituitary–anterior lobe hypersecretion conditions

  • Acromegaly
  • Gigantism
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Pituitary–anterior lobe hyposecretion conditions

  • Dwarfism
  • Panhypopituitarism
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Pituitary–posterior lobe hypersecretion conditions

  • Syndrome of inappropiate antidiuretic hormone
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Pituitary– posterior lobe hyposecretion conditions

  • Diabetes insipidus
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Thyroid gland hypersecretion conditions

  • Exophthalmic goiter (Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis)
  • Nodular (adenomatous) goiter
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Thyroid gland hyposecretion conditions

  • Cretinism (children)
  • Endemic goiter
  • Myxedema (adults)
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Calcitonin

stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bone

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

causes calcium to mobilize from bones into the bloodstream

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adrenal cortex

  • outer portion of gland
  • Secretes corticosteriods or steriods, chemicals derived from cholesterol
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adrenal medulla

  • inner portion of gland
  • Secretes catecholamines chemicals derived from amino acids
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males:

  1. luteinizing hormone (LH)
  2. estrodoil
  3. oxytocin
  4. prolactin
  1. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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  1. Which term means a blood condition of too little potassium?

  2. Hyperkalemia

  3. Hypocalcemia

  4. Hypercalciuria

  5. Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia