chap18

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64 Terms

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Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid
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aden/o
gland
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adrenal/o
adrenal glands
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andr/o
male
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calc/o, calici/o
calcium
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cortic/o
cortex, outer region
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crin/o
secrete
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dips/o
third
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estr/o
female
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gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar
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gonad/o
sex glands (ovaries, testes)
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home/o
sameness
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hormon/o
hormone
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kal/i
potassium (an electrolyte)
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insulin/o
insulin
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lact/o
milk
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myx/o
mucus
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natr/o
sodium (an electrolyte)
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pancreat/o
pancreas
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parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
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phys/o
growing
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pituitar/o
pituitary gland or hypophysis
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somat/o
body
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ster/o
solid structure
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thyr/o
thyroid gland
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thyroid/o
thyroid gland
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toc/o
childbirth
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toxic/o
poison
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ur/o
urine
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-agon
assemble, gather together
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-emia
blood condition
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-in, -ine
a substance
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-tropin
stimulating the function of
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-uria
urine condition
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eu-
good, normal
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hyper-
excessive, above
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hypo-
deficient, below
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oxy-
rapid, sharp, acid
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pan-
all
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tetra-
four
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tri-
three
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Hypersecretion

* Pheochromocytom
* Benign tumor of adrenal medulla
* Excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
* Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headaches, sweating, flushing of the face, and muscle spasms
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**Hypersecretion**

* Hyperinsulinism
Hypoglycemia, convulsions, fainting
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Hyposecretion

* Diabetes mellitus:
* Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells


* Type 1 : childhood onset, typically can occur in adulthood
* Type 2 : adult onset, typically
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Neoplasms
Thyroid carcinoma
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Adrenal cortex hypersecretion conditions
- Adrenal virilism
- Cushing syndrome
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Adrenal cortex hyposecretion conditions
- Addison disease
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Adrenal medulla hypersecretion conditions
- Pheochromocytoma
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Pancreas hyposecretion conditions
- Diabetes mellitus
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Pancreas hypersecretion conditions
- Hyperinsulinism
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Parathyroid glands hypersecretion conditions
- Hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, kidney stones)
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Parathyroid glands hyposecretion conditions
- Hypoparathyroidism (tetany, hypocalcemia)
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Pituitary–anterior lobe hypersecretion conditions
- Acromegaly
- Gigantism
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Pituitary–anterior lobe hyposecretion conditions
* Dwarfism
* Panhypopituitarism
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Pituitary–posterior lobe hypersecretion conditions
- Syndrome of inappropiate antidiuretic hormone
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Pituitary– posterior lobe hyposecretion conditions
- Diabetes insipidus
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Thyroid gland hypersecretion conditions
- Exophthalmic goiter (Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis)
- Nodular (adenomatous) goiter
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Thyroid gland hyposecretion conditions
- Cretinism (children)
- Endemic goiter
- Myxedema (adults)
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Calcitonin
stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bone
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
causes calcium to mobilize from bones into the bloodstream
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**adrenal cortex**
* outer portion of gland
* Secretes corticosteriods or steriods, chemicals derived from cholesterol

\
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**adrenal medulla**
* inner portion of gland
* Secretes catecholamines chemicals derived from amino acids
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males:


1. luteinizing hormone (LH)
2. estrodoil
3. oxytocin
4. prolactin

1. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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4. **Which term means a blood condition of too little potassium?**


1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hypocalcemia
3. Hypercalciuria
4. Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia