Unit 2 BIO Test: Biochemistry of food

How many covalent bonds can carbon make with other atoms?

4 covalent bonds, it's tetravalent

This type of fatty acid is liquid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fatty acids.

Fatty acids are bonded by a chain of this element...

carbon

What are the 6 most common elements in living things?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

A scientist is analyzing a sample of tissue from an aloe vera plant. Which of the following elements will be found in the greatest amount in the sample?

carbon and oxygen

3 multiple choice options

A covalent bond is formed between atoms when:

electrons are shared between atoms

An electron

has a negative charge

An electron is located...

on the shells of an atom.

Positively charged atomic particles are called:

protons

Water is a polar molecule because

different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges

hydrogen bond

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

Cohesion

the sticking together of particles of the same substance.

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Surface tension (of water)

the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between molecules of water at the surface.

capillary action

tendency of water to rise in a thin tube due to adhesion and cohesion

water resists changes in temperature

water absorbs heat and releases heat slowly

3 multiple choice options

Macromolecules (biomolecules) are large molecules that are made of smaller molecules called:

monomers

Monomers (smaller molecules) join together to form

polymers

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that…

breaks polymers apart into monomers

3 multiple choice options

One type of macromolecule is made of long hydrocarbon chains. The hydrocarbon chains may be saturated or unsaturated. Which type of molecule is this?

Lipids

Carbohydrates can be simple molecules or complex macromolecules. Many of these simple carbohydrates are called:

monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

amino acids

monomers of proteins

Proteins

Chains of amino acids

Carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Protein functions include

structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances

Carbohydrate functions

short term energy storage and structure

nucleic acid monomers are

nucleotides

Nucleic acid polymers

DNA and RNA

Cellulose

A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many plants.

false positive

a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by contamination.

false negative

a test results that comes out negative when it should be positive; often caused by not stirring solutions, not enough solution, or human error.

Foods with carbohydrates

Grains, Fruits, Vegetables and Sugars

Foods with proteins

Meat, Beans, Dairy products, Soy, Eggs and Nuts

Foods with lipids

butter, cheese, red meats, chocolate, ice cream

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose - carbohydrates small molecules, also called simple sugars

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides. Also called complex carbohydrates.

saturated fatty acid

molecule in lipids in which carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

unsaturated fatty acid

a fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains one or more double bonds, with room for more hydrogens

Triglycerides

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

Polypeptide

long chain of amino acids that makes proteins