AP gov Final

What is unique about the Virginia governors term of office?

VA-governors cannot serve consecutive terms (4-year-term) - they can run as many times as they want but cannot serve back to back terms in office as VA governor.

VA house

• 100 members

• 2 years terms

• US citizen, must be resident of the district they want to represent

• must be qualified to vote in VA election

• 21 years on

• preside over speaker of the house

VA senate

• 40 members

• 4 years terms

• US citizen, must be resident of the district they want to represent

• must be qualified to vote in VA election

• 21 years on

• preside over lieutenant governor

How are judges in Virginia selected

Judges are selected by a majority vote of the Virgina assembly (both house and Senate). After their terms end, they need to be elected as a judge again by both chambers of the state legislature

How are cities in Virginia like Newport News structured/governed?

Either a country of an independent city with their own local government, specific government powers are outlined by “Charters’, specific legislation adopted by the virgins general assembly. Independent Cities are led by an elected council. transportation and other systems are run by regional authorities.

What are the statewide elected offices in Virginia?

Governor, Lieutenant Governor and attorney general

who writes, and drafts, and approves the Virginia Biennial budget

Virginia operates under a 2-year budget . Governor's prepares a proposed budgets, general assembly debates, creates and passes budget, once passed by a majority of the general assembly it goes to the Governor to sign.

How do local governments receive their power

Local governments get their power specifically from the Virginia general assembly

Virginia General Assembly

Oldest form of government in the United States.

Civil Rights.

Rights provided by government to prevent discrimination

De Jure

By Law

Which Constitutional Clause was brought up in Brown vs. Board of Education?

Equal protection clause

Civil Liberties

Guaranteed Rights to protect against the government

Which Amendment prohibits poll taxes?

24th amendment

De Facto.

By fact

What is Political Socialization

The way people develop their political beliefs

What are PACs and what do they do? What are Super PACs?

Pacs is a group that raises and spends money to support a candidate. Super pacs can spend unlimited amount of independent money

What was the outcome of Citizens United vs. FEC? Which Constitutional Clause was brought up in this case?

The government can not limit the amount of independent money spent to a political campaign by using the free speech clause.

List 3 reasons people choose not to vote.

Voting barriers, believing their vote doesn't count, doesn't like candidates.

Which Amendment freed African American slaves

13th amendment

List 3 structural barriers to voting.

Id laws, transportation, time available to vote

Rule of Law.

No one is above the law

Define the Social Contract Theory

People give up some rights in return they are protected

List 3 demographic groups that typically lean liberal.

woman , minorities, and young adults

What is the difference between an Open Primary and a Closed Primary?

Open means any registered voter can vote, closed only registered members can vote.

List 3 demographic groups that typically lean conservative.

White americans, the elderly, christians

List 3 examples of legal political participation.

voting , talking to you representative, lobbying

When it comes to federal funding - why do some people say there is a "carrot and stick" relationship between State Governments and the Federal Government?

The carrot encourages states to adopt specific grants and the stick is like a threat

What is Selective Incorporation?

Selectively applying the bill of rights to the states

What is the Lemon Test?

Determines if the government violated the establishment clause 

List 2 types of Unprotected Speech

obscenity , and threats

What is Prior Restraint?

censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression.

List 2 types of Protected Speech.

Symbolic and political speech

What is the Exclusionary Rule?

Prohibits illegally obtained evidence.

What was the purpose of MLK's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

The purpose was to defend his nonviolent protest against criticism.

What was the result of Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke? Which Constitutional Clause was brought up with this case?

The supreme court ruled that Davis medical school could not use racial quotas because it was unconstitutional, using the equal protection clause. 

What was the result of Grutter vs. Bollinger? Which Constitutional Clause was brought up with this case?

the Supreme Court held that the University of Michigan Law School's admissions policy, which considered race as a factor among many to achieve a diverse student body, did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause

Define Agenda Setting.

the media influences what the public and government consider important issues to address. Essentially, it's the process of prioritizing and selecting which problems or topics will receive public attention and governmental action.

What is the strongest force in most people's political socialization?

family

List 3 policies liberals in America are likely to support.

Universal health care, increased funding for public education, and individual liberties

What is the fastest growing ethnic demographic in the United States?

Hispanic/Latino American

List 3 demographic groups that are likely to lean liberal.

Younger people, woman and minorities

Which type of American elections receive the most attention and voter turnout?

Presidential election

List 3 policies conservatives in America are likely to support.

Lower taxes, strong national defense, free market

Define the 4th Estate. Why is the media considered the 4th Estate?

The 4th estate refers to the press/media. It is considered this because it monitors the political process and serves as a watchdog over the other three branches of government

What are Interest Groups?

a group of people that seeks to influence public policy on the basis of a particular common interest or concern.

List 3 demographic groups that are likely to lean conservative.

Men, older people, white americans

What are Exit Polls?

surveys conducted on Election Day at polling locations as voters leave (exit) the building. They're used by media outlets to project election results and gauge voter preferences

List 3 effects of 3rd Parties (Minor Parties) in America.

Influence major party platforms, bring attention to specific issues, and can ask as a “spoiler” in close elections

Prospective

voting based on what the candidate promises to do

Retrospective

voting based on a candidates past performance

Party Line

voting for strictly one party's candidate

Rational choice

voting based on what benefits the voter the most

What do lobbyists do?

Attempt to influence lawmakers and public policy, usually in interest group

What are Push Polls?

They are polls designed to influence rather than measure public opinion by being biased  or misleading questions

List 2 examples of laws/restricts concerning US elections. !

Voter ID requirements, and voting act