industrial era study guide

the pullman strike of 1894 was ended when what?

the federal government issued an injunction to end it.

by creating monopolies and establishing trust, industrial leaders of the late 1800s

were able to accumulate vast amounts of money

1887: Interstate Commerce Act passed

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act passed

This legislation reflects the government's attempts to

regulate business and industry in the late 1800s.

Map Legend: The location of the 100 cities in the continental United States each having at least 25,000 inhabitants by 1900

Which of these statements MOST accurately desribes the message of the map?

Industrial areas contained the cities with the largest population in 1903.

what kind of people worked on building the railroad

immigrants

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Henry Bessemer

developed a cheap and effective manufacturing process for making steel

Eugene V. Debs

ran the American Railway Union and later ran for president several times as a socialist

Thomas Edison

Invented the light bulb

According to the Social Gospel, it is society's responsibility to care for the greater good. Conversely, Social Darwinists believe survival of the fittest would allow for the strong to survive and the weak to

die out.

The term robber baron refers to wealthy and powerful 19th century American businessmen who used exploitative practices to amass their wealth.

A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare and make a positive impact on society.

Which is the BEST example of a "Robber Baron" using his wealth in a "philanthropic" manner?

Cornelius Vanderbilt and the $1 milion endownment he gave to Vanderbilt University.

which word describes the kind of economic system found in the US

capitalism

Andrew Carnegie was different from other wealthy business owners because he

he gave a way millions of dollars to poor, schools, and other programs

the US government had laissez-faire policies toward businesses during the Gilded Age. This meant

there were very few government regulations on industry.

A good example of a monopoly is

Standard Oil as the only source of oil for 94% of the US population.

Which of the following was NOT true of Alexander Graham Bell?

He founded General Electric in 1885 to sell his new invention, the incandescent lightbulb.

vertical integration

A big department store chain buying cotton plantations, textile mills, and garment factories.

A supermarket chain buying up caitle ranches, railway cattle yards, beef slaughterhouses, and butcher's shops.

horizontal integration

A big oil company in Pennsylvania buying up all the other oil companies in the Northeast.

In the 19th century, John D. Rockefeller was MOST associated with the company named

Standard Oil

Which statement BEST describes the point of this late-19th century cartoon?

Major industry is in control of much of American government and society.

Which of these was an effect of the rapid industrialization of the United States in the last half of the 19th century?

The economy was increasingly controlled by big corporations.

In this political cartoon from 1904, the octopus represents the Standard Oil Corporation. Why was an octopus a good symbol of that company?

An octopus has many arms that can grab lots of things all at once and Standard Oll had its "hands" controlling political figures in Washington, D.C. as well as other oil companies.

which statement provides the BEST evidence to support the conclusion that the growth of the railroad industry revolutionized "Big Business" in American in the late 1800s?

The railroad helped to decrease transportation costs, increased the availability of new products and goods, and generally widened the American business market

Flier for the Haymarket Square Rally in Chicago (1886)

What resulted from the event described in this flier?

a bombing and riot resulting in multiple deaths