Neurotransmitters and Receptors: Functions, Locations, and Types in the Nervous System

What is the primary function of Glutamate?

Excites neurons and is crucial for learning and memory.

What are the two types of receptors for Glutamate?

AMDA (lets positive sodium ions in) and NMDA (lets sodium and calcium in). Both can be ionotropic or metatrophic

What is the role of GABA and glycine in the nervous system?

They inhibit neurons and mainly allow negative chlorine ions into the neuron.

What is the function of Acetylcholine and its 2 types of receptors?

Responsible for muscle movement

Nicotinic AChRs are ionotropic ( present at neuromuscular junctions to help with voluntary muscle movement)

Muscarinic AR's are metatropic ( located in smooth muscles and glands(involuntary movement))

Function and main type of receptor of dopamine

Plays a critical role in the reward system, motivation, emotional arousal, and motor control

Metatrophic receptors

Where is Dopamine primarily located?

In the substantia nigra and ventral segment of the midbrain.

Function and main type of receptor for seratonin?

Regulates mood and emotion, with most receptors being metabotropic.

Where is Serotonin produced?

In the raphe nucleus in the brain stem and also in the gut for gut regulation.

What is the role of Norepinephrine?

Involved in arousal and stress, acting as both a hormone and neurotransmitter.

What type of receptors does Norepinephrine primarily use?

All metabotropic receptors, which can be either excitatory or inhibitory.

What are main types of receptors for Neuropeptides

All inhibitory metabotropic receptors.

What is the function of Endorphins?

They inhibit pain.

What role does Oxytocin play in human interaction?

Released during times of love and bonding between individuals.

What is the function of Orexin?

Involved in arousal.

function and main type of receptor of epinephrine(adrenaline)

Released in response to stress and causes arousal; it is both a hormone and neurotransmitter.

What is the function of Histamine in the body?

Activates the immune system and causes arousal.

What are neuromodulators?

Substances that can affect synaptic strength, efficiency, or receptor excitability, including all types of neurotransmitters, hormones, and immune cells.

what types of receptors are GABA+glycine receptors mainly

Can be iontrophic or metatrophic

where is norepinephrine located

Located in the sympathetic ganglia