Lecture 11: Viral Diseases of Cats II

What is FIV?

Feline immunodeficiency virus

What was first isolated and identified in a cat colony with “AIDS”?

FIV

Why was the FIV vaccine developed by Dr. Yamamoto removed from the market?

it was not DIVA compatible

What are the primary clinical signs associated with FIV?

enlarged nodes, diarrhea, uveitis, renal failure, seizures, anaemia

What are the clinical signs associated with FIV immunosuppression?

weight loss, gingivitis/stomatitis, diarrhea, URI, anemia, meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, pyoderma

What is the most common clinical disease in FIV?

stomatitis

What is the pathogenesis of FIV?

transmitted through bite wounds or saliva of cats living close together; causes inversion of T cell ratio (CD4:CD8)

What type of transmission is rare for FIV?

queen to kitten transmission

How is FIV diagnosed?

ELISA antibody test, PCR

What are the common outcomes of progressive FeLV?

increased risk of illness, contagious, most test positive

What are the common outcomes of regressive FeLV?

normal lifespan, not contagious, may test negative

What is the main difference in transmission of FeLV and FIV?

FeLV transmitted by spread of body fluids by close contact and FIV is mostly spread by fighting

What are the clinical signs of rabies in the cat?

loss of appetite, anxiety, infection of the limbic system, restlessness, wandering, hypersensitivity,

What are the two types of rabies vaccines for cats?

inactivated and recombinant

What influenza strain is commonly seen in cats?

H5N1

How do cats become infected with H5N1?

raw colostrum and other unpasteurized dairy products, exposure to infected poultry, fomites

What are the clinical signs of H5N1 in cats?

loss of appetite, lethargy, fever, ataxia, tremors, seizures, blindness, oculonasal discharge, respiratory distress

What diseases in cats are caused by coronaviruses?

feline enteric coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus

How is feline enteric coronavirus transmitted and what cells does it replicated in?

oronasal transmission, replicates in enterocytes

What are the symptoms of feline enteric coronavirus?

inapparent or mild signs of enteritis or respiratory disease

What is FIP proposed to be a result of?

mutations in the spike protein of the enteric coronavirus during natural infections allowing the virus to change tropism from enterocytes to macrophages

What are the common clinical signs of FIP?

effusion to thorax and abdomen, lesions on serial surfaces of abdominal organs, dyspnea, mild pyrexia, uveitis, granulomas in peritoneal cavity, weight loss, change in iris color

What type of vaccine is used against FIP?

intranasal; modified live