Unfinished Nation - Chapter 12 Key Terms

David Walker

Black abolitionist who encouraged blacks to unite and take any necessary measures to fight slavery and other forms of discrimination

Dorothea Dix

advocate for individuals with mental illness in America and Europe

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

abolitionist and women's rights advocate who co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Frederick Douglass

African American abolitionist and reformer who was a major voice against slavery in both his writings and in public speeches throughout America and Europe

Harriet Beecher Stowe

abolitionist, best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin

Henry David Thoreau

transcendentalist who urged Americans to resist both social conformity and unjust laws

Herman Melville

author of the 1851 classic Moby Dick that captured harsh aspects of nineteenth-century American culture

Horace Mann

educational reformer who promoted education as essential to a strong democracy

Hudson River school

New York landscape painters known for their depictions of spectacular vistas

Jarena Lee

an African American woman who preached in public in contrast to rules and customs that prohibited her from doing so during the first half of the nineteenth century

Joseph Smith

founder of the Mormon faith

Liberia

African nation established in 1830 by freed blacks whose manumission and voyage was sponsored by the American Colonization Society (ACS)

Lucretia Mott

abolitionist and women's rights advocate who co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Nathaniel Hawthorne

novelist, best known for The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables, who wrote about the misery caused by egotism

Oneida "Perfectionists"

members of a Utopian experiment in upstate New York who rejected traditional notions of family and marriage in favor of communal bonds

Ralph Waldo Emerson

transcendentalist philosopher who urged individuals to find fulfillment and self-improvement in nature

Rebecca Cox Jackson

radical African American religious figure who broke with the free black church movement in Philadelphia and ultimately joined the Shaker movement during the mid-nineteenth century

Seneca Falls Convention

the 1848 meeting that produced the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions arguing for women's inalienable rights

Shakers

utopian religious society committed to complete celibacy, equality of the sexes, and a simple ordered life

Soujourner Truth

former slave who lectured extensively on behalf of equal rights for blacks and women

Susan B. Anthony

abolitionist and one of the most iconic and active leaders of the early women's right movement

temperance

self-restraint, especially concerning drink; the temperance movement pushed for bans on the sale and consumption of alcohol

transcendentalism

a philosophical and literary movement of the early nineteenth century that sought beauty and truth in nature and the individual, rather than in formalized education, politics, or religion

Walt Whitman

writer who helped define American literature with his book of poems, Leaves of Grass, and his focus on individual freedom

William Lloyd Garrison

founder of The Liberator, a newspaper that focused on the harsh truths of slavery and argued for the immediate release of the enslaved and extension of citizenship to all