HST 1: Ch 5 L1 Muscular System Terms

ambul/o

to walk or move about

articul/o

joint

card/o

heart

dextr/o

to the right

fasci/o

fibrous band; fascia

flex/o

to bend

kines/o

movement

muscul/o

muscle

abduction

movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

adduction

movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

agonist

the muscle that causes the primary movement

analgesic

a drug that relieves pain

antagonist

the muscle that works against the agonist movement

ataxia

inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity; characterized by shaky, unsteady movements

atrophy

wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size

cardiac muscle

a type of involuntary muscle found only in the heart

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist

circumduction

rotation of an arm or leg (as if ‘drawing a circle’ with the limb). Occurs in multiple planes.

computed tomography (CT)

Process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles.

contractility

the ability to contract (shorten)

contracture

permanent tightening of skin, muscle, tendons, ligaments, and fascia

dorsiflexion

movement of the sole of the foot upward (flexed toward the lower leg)

elasticity

the ability to resume resting length when a stretching force is removed

electromyogram (EMG)

a graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation

endomysium

a fine sheath of areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber

epimysium

a dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

eversion

the turning outward of the sole of the foot

excitability

the ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting

extensibility

the ability of skeletal muscles to be stretched

extension

the straightening of a limb after it has been flexed

fascia

the fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles into function groups and envelops other structures in the body

flexion

the movement of two body surfaces toward each other, as in the act of bending

hemiplegia

total paralysis on one side of the body

hyperextension

the act of bending a joint or limb beyond normal extension or range of motion

hypertrophy

excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of the muscle

hypotonia

loss of muscle tone

insertion

The attachment site that moves during muscular contraction

lateral (external) rotation

movement laterally, or away from the midline

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

ADL

activities of daily living

amb

ambulate (walk)

AP

anteroposterior

c/o

complains of; complaining of

CAT, CT

computerized axial tomography

DMD

Duchenne muscular dystrophy