Japan's Modern Transformation, 1868-1920s

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to Japan's transformation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Self-Strengthening

A state-sponsored initiative in Japan during 1868-73 aimed at using foreign technology to strengthen the nation.

Iwakura Mission

A diplomatic journey to the West taken by Japanese leaders from 1871-73 to learn about Western technology and institutions.

Bunmei Kaika

A concept meaning 'civilization and enlightenment,' promoting Western influence in Japan from 1873-81.

Privatization

The transfer of state-owned enterprises to private ownership, relevant to Japan's economic reforms from 1881-94.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict between Russia and Japan from 1904-05, resulting in Japan's emergence as a major world power.

Treaty of Portsmouth

The agreement that ended the Russo-Japanese War, mediated by Theodore Roosevelt in September 1905.

Zaibatsu

Large family-controlled business conglomerates in Japan that emerged in the late 19th century, dominating the economy.

Social Darwinism

A belief that applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to social and political issues, influencing Japanese imperialism.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan from 1894-95 that marked Japan's rise as an imperialist power.

Industrialization

The process of transitioning to a large-scale industrial economy, notably occurring in Japan during the late 19th century.

Emperor Meiji

The Emperor of Japan who reigned from 1867 to 1912 and played a crucial role in the modernization and westernization efforts.

Economic Inequality

The disparity in wealth and resources among the population, exacerbated by the rise of the zaibatsu in Japan.

Militarism

A political stance that emphasizes military power and is associated with the rise of nationalism and imperial ambitions in Japan.