MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM -- DEFINITIONS

andr/o

male

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

pen/o

penis

prostat/o

prostate

Testes

major organ and structure of the male reproductive system

scrotum, spermatic duct, accessory gland, vesicles, prostate glans, penis

Accessory structure of the male reproductive system

production and delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones

functions of male reproductive system

zygote

all humans start from a _________________

sperm

Gender is determined by the ____________

SRY gene

gene on the Y chromosome that codes for a protein so that androgen receptors are produced in a male fetus

Testosterone and androgen receptors

needed in the fetus for male anatomy to develop

XX

chromosome of a female

XY

chromosome of a male

Testes

belong to the endocrine and reproductive systems because they produce testosterone and sperm

Gubernaculum

• guide the descent of the testes from the abdomen to the scrotum

• pulls testes to help them descend through the inguinal canal

3-month Fetus

DESCENT OF THE TESTES:

• At this stage, the testes are still in the abdominal cavity, near the kidneys.

• The transabdominal phase is ongoing.

6-month Fetus

DESCENT OF TESTES:

• The testes usually begin to pass through the inguinal canal during this time.

1-month Infant

DESCENT OF TESTES:

• By this time, descent is typically complete, and the testes should be in the scrotum.

Cryptorchidism

a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum

2°C cooler

For the testes to produce viable sperm, the temperature of each testis must be approximately __________________ than the core body temperature

lobules

Each testis is divided into _________

Seminiferous Tubules

where sperm are produced

Interstitial Cells

located between seminiferous tubules which produces testosterone

scrotum

where the testes are housed

spermatic cord

suspends each testis and is composed of the cremaster muscle, the ductus deferens, the testicular artery, and the pampiniform plexus

Efferent ductules

The spermatic ducts are the:

• connect the testes to the epididymis

Epididymis

The spermatic ducts are the:

• location of sperm maturation and storage

Ductus deferens

The spermatic ducts are the:

• connects the epididymis to the pelvic cavity

Ejaculatory ducts

The spermatic ducts are the:

• ductus deferens and a duct from the seminal vesicle combine

Two seminal vesicles

The five accessory glands in the male are:

• mixture of sugar and protein that makes up 60% semen

One prostate gland

The five accessory glands in the male are:

• alkaline mixture containing prostaglandins that makes up 30% semen

Two bulbourethral glands

The five accessory glands in the male are:

• small amount of slightly alkaline lubricant

penis

has an internal root and an external shaft and glans

prepuce

glans covered by ___________

paired corpora cavernosa and single corpus spongiosum

three columns of erectile tissue

Trabecular muscle

Smooth muscle fibers within the corpora cavernosa, helping regulate blood flow during erection

Crus

proximal part of each corpus cavernosum that anchors the penis to the pubic arch

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A skeletal muscle that covers the bulb of the penis; aids in erection, ejaculation, and expelling the final drops of urine

spermatozoon

single cell with two principal parts—a head and a tail

head

part of the spermatozoon: contains 23 chromosomes and an enzyme-filled acrosome used to penetrate an egg

Tail

part of the spermatozoon: contains a midpiece with large mitochondria to produce the energy to move its flagellum

Testosterone

production ceases a few months after birth and does not resume until puberty

Puberty

begins with the production of FSH and LH, and it ends with the first ejaculation of viable sperm

sustentacular cells

Hormonal Control at Puberty:

a. FSH stimulates ______________________ to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP).

b. _____________________ are needed for testosterone to have an effect on sperm production.

c. LH stimulates _____________________ to produce testosterone

a = ?

Androgen Binding Protein and testosterone

Hormonal Control at Puberty:

a. FSH stimulates ______________________ to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP).

b. _____________________ are needed for testosterone to have an effect on sperm production.

c. LH stimulates _____________________ to produce testosterone

b = ?

interstitial cells

Hormonal Control at Puberty:

a. FSH stimulates ______________________ to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP).

b. _____________________ are needed for testosterone to have an effect on sperm production.

c. LH stimulates _____________________ to produce testosterone

c = ?

Skeletal and muscle

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

a = ?

larynx

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

b = ?

axillary and pubic hair

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

c = ?

facial hair

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

d = ?

Aggression

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

e = ?

libido (sex drive)

Hormonal Control at Puberty: Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

a. ______________________ development

b. Changes in the ___________ that cause a deeper voice

c. Development of ____________________ with activation of associated apocrine glands

d. Development of __________ and possible thickening of hair on the torso and limbs

e. ______________

f. Development of the _________________

f = ?

Mitosis

Sperm Production:

• one-division process that forms all body cells

Meiosis

Sperm Production:

• two-division process that forms gametes

Crossing-over and independent assortment in meiosis

create new combinations of DNA that provide genetic variety in sperm

spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.

Sperm production involves two processes— ______________________________

Spermatogenesis

involves meiosis to form four spermatids from one spermatogonia

Spermiogenesis

development of four sperm from four spermatids

Testosterone

Hormonal Control in the Adult Male:

a. __________________ has a positive effect on many tissues, but it also has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

b. Sustentacular cells produce the hormone ___________, when they are busy with sperm production, so that FSH from the anterior pituitary is inhibited.

a = ?

inhibin

Hormonal Control in the Adult Male:

a. __________________ has a positive effect on many tissues, but it also has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

b. Sustentacular cells produce the hormone ___________, when they are busy with sperm production, so that FSH from the anterior pituitary is inhibited.

b = ?

seminiferous tubules

Pathway for Sperm:

1 - ?

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

rere testes

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2 - ?

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

efferent ductules

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3 - ?

4

5

6

7

8

9

epididymis

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4 - ?

5

6

7

8

9

ductus deferens

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4

5 - ?

6

7

8

9

ejaculatory ducts

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4

5

6 - ?

7

8

9

prostatic urethra

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 - ?

8

9

penile urethra

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 - ?

9

outside the body

Pathway for Sperm:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 - ?

Phimosis

tight foreskin that cannot be retracted and is often removed through circumcision