Youngless: DNA Structure and Replication

Nucleic Acid

a macromolecule that forms when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together

Examples: DNA and RNA

Nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

What are the 4 nitrogen bases in RNA?

Phosphate group and Sugar

The backbone of the DNA/RNA is composed of what? (2 Things)

strong covalent bonds

What type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate in the backbone of DNA & RNA?

weak hydrogen bonds

What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases in DNA?

A-T

G-C

What are the complimentary base pairing rules for DNA?

purines and pyrimidines

Two types of nitrogen bases

adenine and guanine

Which nitrogen bases are the purines?

thymine and cytosine

Which nitrogen bases are the pyrimidines?

double helix

Shape of DNA

single helix

Shape of RNA

A-U

C-G

What are the base pairs in RNA?

Deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

Ribose

sugar in RNA

Chromosomes

Tightly coiled DNA

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

DNA Replication

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

1. DNA unzips

2. Complimentary DNA nitrogen bases pair up

3. Two identical strands of DNA are formed

Steps of DNA Replication

semi-conservative replication

in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new

1. 5-carbon sugar

2. phosphate group

3. nitrogen base

What are the 3 part of a Nucleotide?

Nucleus

Where is DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm

Where is DNA in a prokaryotic cell?